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Introduction | |
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Sequence Stratigraphy-an Overview | |
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Sequence Stratigraphy in the Context of Interdisciplinary Research | |
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Sequence Stratigraphy-A Revolution in Sedimentary Geology | |
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Historical Development of Sequence Stratigraphy | |
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Early Developments | |
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Sequence Stratigraphy Era-Eustatic vs. Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation | |
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Sequence Models | |
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Sequence Stratigraphic Approach | |
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Terminology | |
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Concept of Scale | |
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Sequence Stratigraphy vs. Lithostratigraphy and Allostratigraphy | |
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Methods of Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis | |
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Introduction | |
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Facies Analysis: Outcrops, Core, and Modern Analogues | |
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Concepts of Depositional System, Facies, and Facies Models | |
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Classification of Depositional Environments | |
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Walther's Law | |
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Sedimentary Petrography | |
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Paleocurrent Directions | |
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Pedology | |
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Ichnology | |
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General Principles | |
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Ichnofacies Classification | |
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Softground-related Ichnofacies | |
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Substrate-controlled Ichnofacies | |
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Discussion | |
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Well Logs | |
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Introduction | |
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Well Logs: Geological Uncertainties | |
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Constraining Well-log Interpretations | |
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Seismic Data | |
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Introduction | |
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Physical Attributes of Seismic Data | |
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Workflow of Seismic Data Analysis | |
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Reconnaissance Studies | |
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Interval Attribute Maps | |
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Horizon Attribute Maps | |
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3D Perspective Visualization | |
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Age Determination Techniques | |
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Workflow of Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis | |
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Tectonic Setting (Type of Sedimentary Basin) | |
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Paleodepositional Environments | |
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Sequence Stratigraphic Framework | |
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Stratal Terminations | |
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Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
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Systems Tracts and Sequences | |
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Accommodation and Shoreline Shifts | |
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Introduction | |
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Allogenic Controls on Sedimentation | |
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Significance of Allogenic Controls | |
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Signatures of Allogenic Controls | |
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Relative Importance of Allogenic Controls | |
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Sediment Supply and Energy Flux | |
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Sediment Supply | |
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Sediment Supply vs. Environmental Energy Flux | |
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Sediment Accommodation | |
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Definitions-Accommodation, Base Level, and Fluvial Graded Profiles | |
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Proxies for Base Level and Accommodation | |
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Changes in Accommodation | |
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Shoreline Trajectories | |
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Definitions | |
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Transgressions | |
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Forced Regressions | |
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Normal Regressions | |
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Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Stratal Terminations | |
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Sequence Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
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Subaerial Unconformity | |
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Correlative Conformity | |
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Basal Surface of Forced Regression | |
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Regressive Surface of Marine Erosion | |
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Maximum Regressive Surface | |
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Maximum Flooding Surface | |
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Transgressive Ravinement Surfaces | |
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Wave-Ravinement Surface | |
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Tidal-Ravinement Surface | |
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Within-Trend Facies Contacts | |
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Within-trend Normal Regressive Surface | |
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Within-trend Forced Regressive Surface | |
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Within-trend Flooding Surface | |
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Systems Tracts | |
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Introduction | |
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Highstand Systems Tract | |
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Definition and Stacking Patterns | |
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Economic Potential | |
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Petroleum Plays | |
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Coal Resources | |
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Placer Deposits | |
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Falling-Stage Systems Tract | |
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Definition and Stacking Patterns | |
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Economic Potential | |
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Petroleum Plays | |
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Coal Resources | |
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Placer Deposits | |
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Lowstand Systems Tract | |
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Definition and Stacking Patterns | |
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Economic Potential | |
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Petroleum Plays | |
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Coal Resources | |
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Placer Deposits | |
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Transgressive Systems Tract | |
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Definition and Stacking Patterns | |
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Economic Potential | |
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Petroleum Plays | |
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Coal Resources | |
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Placer Deposits | |
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Regressive Systems Tract | |
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Definition and Stacking Patterns | |
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Economic Potential | |
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Low- and High-Accommodation Systems Tracts | |
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Definition and Stacking Patterns | |
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Low-Accommodation Systems Tract | |
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High-Accommodation Systems Tract | |
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Discussion | |
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Economic Potential | |
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Petroleum Plays | |
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Coal Resources | |
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Placer Deposits | |
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Sequence Models | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Stratigraphic Sequences | |
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Depositional Sequence | |
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Genetic Stratigraphic Sequence | |
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Transgressive-Regressive (T-R) Sequence | |
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Parasequences | |
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Sequences in Fluvial Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Fluvial Cyclicity Controlled by Base-level Changes | |
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Fluvial Cyclicity Independent of Base-level Changes | |
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Climatic Cycles | |
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Tectonic Cycles | |
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Low- vs. High-Accommodation Settings | |
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Sequences in Coastal to Shallow-Water Clastic Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Physical Processes | |
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Sediment Supply and Transport Mechanisms | |
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Zonation of the Coastal-Shallow-marine Profile | |
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Sediment Budget: Fairweather vs. Storm Conditions | |
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Cyclicity of Coastal to Shallow-water Systems in Relation to Shoreline Shifts | |
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Normal Regressive Settings | |
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Forced Regressive Settings | |
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Transgressive Settings | |
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Summary | |
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Sequences in Deep-Water Clastic Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Physical Processes | |
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Progradation of Shelf-edge Deltas | |
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Gravity Flows | |
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Depositional Elements | |
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Submarine-canyon Fills | |
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Turbidity-flow Channel Fills | |
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Turbidity-flow Levees and Overbank Sediment Waves | |
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Turbidity-flow Splay Complexes | |
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Mudflow (Cohesive Debris Flow) Macroforms | |
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Cyclicity of Deep-water Systems in Relation to Shoreline Shifts | |
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Highstand Normal Regressions | |
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Early Forced Regressions | |
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Late Forced Regressions | |
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Lowstand Normal Regressions | |
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Early Transgressions | |
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Late Transgressions | |
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Summary | |
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Sequences in Carbonate Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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The Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphic Model | |
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Drowning Unconformities | |
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Highstand Systems Tracts | |
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Falling-stage-Lowstand Systems Tracts | |
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Transgressive Systems Tracts | |
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Discussion: Sequence Boundaries in Carbonate Successions | |
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Time Attributes of Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
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Introduction | |
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Reference Curve for the Definition of Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
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Shoreline Shifts, Grading, and Bathymetry | |
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Controls on Sediment Grading and Water-depth Changes | |
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Discussion | |
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Methods of Definition of Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
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Introduction | |
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Correlative Conformities | |
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Onset-of-fall Correlative Conformity | |
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End-of-fall Correlative Conformity | |
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Maximum Regressive and Maximum Flooding Surfaces | |
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Definition | |
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Two-dimensional Model | |
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Model Results | |
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Strike Variability | |
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Discussion | |
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Summary: Time Attributes of Stratigraphic Surfaces | |
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Subaerial Unconformity | |
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Correlative Conformity | |
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Basal Surface of Forced Regression | |
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Regressive Surface of Marine Erosion | |
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Maximum Regressive Surface | |
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Maximum Flooding Surface | |
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Transgressive Ravinement Surfaces | |
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Within-trend Facies Contacts | |
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Conclusions | |
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Hierarchy of Sequences and Sequence Boundaries | |
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Introduction | |
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Hierarchy System Based on Cycle Duration (Boundary Frequency) | |
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Hierarchy System Based on the Magnitude of Base-Level Changes | |
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Discussion | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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Fundamental Principles | |
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Scope and Applications | |
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The Importance of Shoreline Shifts | |
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Theory vs. Reality in Sequence Stratigraphy | |
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The Importance of the Tectonic Setting | |
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Uses and Abuses in Sequence Stratigraphy | |
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Precambrian vs. Phanerozoic Sequence Stratigraphy | |
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Moving Forward Toward Standardizing Sequence Stratigraphy | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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References | |
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Author Index | |
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Subject Index | |