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| Preface | |
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| List of transliteration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Purpose and nature of the study | |
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| Theory and methodology | |
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| Previous research | |
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| Introductionary remarks on analytical concepts | |
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| Modernity, postmodernism and secularism | |
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| The Nature of Islamic law | |
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| an Islamic legal system? Law, jurisprudence and ethics | |
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| Law and spirituality: Shi'i esoterism | |
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| Categories of traditional Islamic epistemology | |
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| Knowledge and science | |
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| The 'historical-empirical' epistemic scheme | |
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| The 'theological', 'philosophical' and 'mystical' epistemic schemes | |
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| The 'juristic-rational' epistemic scheme | |
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| Shi'i legal dogmatics | |
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| Usul al-fiqh (legal theory) | |
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| The constant sources of law: The Qur'an, sunnat and imja (consensus) | |
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| The non-constant source of law: aql (reason) | |
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| Ijtihad (independent reasoning) and taqlid (emulation) | |
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| Hauzah-yi ilmiyah ('precint of knowledge') | |
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| Hermeneutical principles | |
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| Interpretative pluralism and ikhtilaf (divergence) | |
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| Islamic traditionalism and Islamice modernism | |
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| an Introduction to Islamic traditionalism | |
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| The Islamic traditionalist position of | |
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| an Introduction to Islamic modernism | |
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| The Islamic modernist position of | |
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| Surush on the nature of Islamic law | |
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| The Biography of | |
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| Style of communication | |
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| Philosophical foundation: Critical realism | |
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| Modernity and the West | |
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| Religion | |
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| Jurisprudence | |
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| Ijtihad | |
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| Hauzah | |
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| Surush's theory of contraction and expansion of religious knowledge | |
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| Its principal objectives | |
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| History: The Stage of natural man | |
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| Critical rationality: Self-determining and liberated | |
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| Science: Falsification and corroboration | |
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| Religous epistemology: Divine absolute or provisional conjecture? | |
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| Epistemological ambiguities: A priori and a posteriori | |
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| Epistemic relativism or epistemological relativism | |
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| Hermeneutics: There is nothing beyond the text | |
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| Divergent interpretations: The Problem of truth and probability | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Tables | |
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| Contemporary positions on Islamic law | |
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| The textual corpus of Abd al-Karim Surush | |