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| List of illustrations | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Language and pronunciation guide | |
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| Background | |
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| Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan society | |
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| Environment and society in Tibet | |
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| The growth of Buddhism in Tibet | |
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| The evolution of the four main traditions | |
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| Tibetan religious literature | |
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| The development of Buddhism in Tibet | |
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| The later development of Buddhism in India | |
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| The 'early diffusion� of the Dharma | |
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| The 'later diffusion� and the establishment of the Sarmapa schools | |
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| The reshaping of the Nyingmapa tradition: kama and terma | |
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| A note on the Bon tradition | |
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| The Gelukpa school and later developments | |
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| The twentieth century onwards | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism as a path to liberation I: Sutra teachings | |
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| The path to liberation | |
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| Theravada, Hinayana, Mahayana | |
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| Sutra and Tantra (Vajrayana) | |
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| Regional varieties of Buddhism in the contemporary world | |
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| Buddhist deities and the Three Bodies of the Buddha (trikaya) | |
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| Emptiness (sunyata) | |
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| The 'gradual path' | |
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| Refuge and bodhicitta | |
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| The path of the bodhisattva | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism as a path to liberation II: Tantric teachings | |
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| Tantric practice and the lama | |
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| Retreat and the training of the subtle body | |
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| Tantra and sexuality | |
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| Tantric deities | |
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| Classes of Sarma Tantra and Nyingma Tantra | |
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| Empowerment and preliminary practice (ng�ndro) | |
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| Dzogchen | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism as a system of knowledge | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Basic understandings of the universe | |
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| The Indian monastic universities, their curriculum and its adoption by the Tibetans | |
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| Philosophy | |
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| Other classical fields of Indian learning | |
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| Non-Indian aspects of Tibetan knowledge | |
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| Medicine | |
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| Ethics and Tibetan Buddhism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Bases for Buddhist ethics | |
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| Other moral dimensions in Tibetan Buddhist society | |
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| Historical dimensions | |
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| Lamas and other religious practitioners | |
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| Lamas and lay practitioners | |
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| The two propagations of the teachings | |
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| Hereditary lamas | |
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| Visionary lamas (tert�n) | |
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| Reincarnate lamas | |
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| The Gelukpa system of election | |
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| Celibate monastic practitioners (monks and nuns) | |
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| Lay yogins and other non-monastic practitioners | |
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| Monasticism and non-monastic practice in Tibetan societies | |
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| Temples and monastic establishments | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism as practical religion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Practical religion in Indian Buddhism | |
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| Practical religion in Tibet | |
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| Lamas, monks and monasteries as fields of karma | |
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| Death rituals - 'Tibetan Book of the Dead' | |
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| Maintenance of good relations with local gods and spirits; protection against malevolent spirits | |
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| Rituals for prosperity, success and good fortune | |
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| Rituals for health and long life | |
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| Divination and diagnosis | |
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| Tibetan ritual: pragmatic, karma-oriented and Bodhic dimensions | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan identity | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Local and regional identity: local gods, lineages, clans, households | |
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| Local and regional identity: Buddhist saints and pilgrimage sites | |
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| Regional and national identity: Buddhism as a unifying factor | |
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| The stories of Ling Gesar | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism, women and gender | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gender in Tibetan society | |
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| Women's religious roles within Indian Buddhism | |
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| Women religious roles within Tibetan Buddhism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Bon religion of Tibet: pre-Buddhist survival or variant form of Buddhism? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Yungdrung Bon | |
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| Bonpo narratives and teachings | |
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| Bonpo history and the relationship with Buddhism | |
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| The history of Bon studies | |
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| Modern developments | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism today and tomorrow | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism in the People's Republic of China | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism in the Himalayas and the Tibetan diaspora | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism as a global religion | |
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| Conclusion: Tibetan Buddhism in a new environment | |
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| Appendix: Some important lamas | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |