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Preface | |
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Abnormality: Past and Present | |
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Themes and Challenges | |
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Biological and Psychological Levels of Analysis | |
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Science and Practice | |
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Development | |
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Treatment of Choice | |
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Early Approaches to Abnormality | |
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Animistic Origins: Possession | |
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Physical Causes | |
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Psychogenic Origins | |
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Treatment of the Insane | |
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Segregating the Insane | |
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The Growth of Humane Treatment | |
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Defining Abnormality Today | |
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The Elements of Abnormality | |
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The Family Resemblance Approach to Defining Abnormality | |
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The Hazards of Defining Abnormality | |
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The Hazards of Self-Diagnosis | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research Methods | |
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Assessment | |
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The Physical Examination | |
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The Clinical Interview | |
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Observation | |
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Psychological Testing | |
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Diagnosis | |
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Reasons for Diagnosis | |
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Evaluating Assessment and Diagnosis | |
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | |
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Factors That Bias the Diagnosis of Mental Disorders | |
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The Need for Categorization and Diagnosis | |
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Research Methods | |
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The Clinical Case History | |
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Scientific Experimentation | |
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Experiments of Nature | |
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Comparative Studies | |
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Correlational Studies | |
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Epidemiological Studies | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Psychological Approaches | |
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The Psychodynamic Approach | |
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Id, Ego, and Superego | |
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Anxiety and Defense Mechanisms | |
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Psychodynamic Theorists after Freud | |
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Psychodynamic Treatment | |
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Evaluating Psychodynamic Theory | |
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Psychoanalysis and the Medical Model | |
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The Existential and Humanistic Approaches | |
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Freedom and Choice | |
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Fear of Dying | |
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Existential Treatment | |
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Evaluating the Existential Approach | |
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The Behavioral Approach | |
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Pavlovian Conditioning | |
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Operant Conditioning | |
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Avoidance Learning | |
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The Cognitive Approach | |
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Cognitive Therapy | |
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | |
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Combining Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Psychodynamics | |
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Evaluating Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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The Biological Approach and Neuroscience | |
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The Biological Approach | |
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Determining Causes and Treatment | |
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The Diathesis-Stress Model | |
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Genes and Abnormal Behavior | |
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Genes and Chromosomes | |
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Genotypes and Phenotypes | |
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Gene-Environment Interaction | |
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Research Methods in Behavioral Genetics | |
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Neurons and Biochemical Etiology | |
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Neural Activity | |
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Disordered Neural Activity | |
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Molecular Techniques and the Study of Neurons | |
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Brain Structures and Abnormal Behavior | |
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The Central Nervous System | |
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The Peripheral Nervous System | |
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Neurodevelopment and Abnormal Behavior | |
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The Prenatal Period | |
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Postnatal CNS Development | |
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Critical Periods for Psychological Development | |
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Environmental Input and Abnormal Behavior | |
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Effects of Learning and Memory | |
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Effects of Experience | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Anxiety Disorders | |
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Fear and Anxiety | |
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Elements of Fear | |
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Degree of Fear | |
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Anxiety Distinguished from Fear | |
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Phobia | |
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Specific Phobia | |
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Social Phobia | |
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Etiology of Phobias | |
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Therapy for Phobias | |
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Characterizing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Course of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Vulnerability to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Treatment of PTSD | |
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Panic Disorder | |
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Symptoms of a Panic Attack | |
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Etiology of Panic Disorder | |
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Treatment of Panic Disorder | |
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Agoraphobia | |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |
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Symptoms and Prevalence of GAD | |
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Etiology of GAD | |
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Treatment of GAD | |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | |
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Obsession, Anxiety, and Depression | |
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Vulnerability to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | |
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Theories of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | |
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Treatment of OCD | |
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Everyday Anxiety | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders | |
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Somatoform Disorders | |
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Types of Somatoform Disorders | |
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Diagnosing Somatoform Disorders | |
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Vulnerability to Somatoform Disorders | |
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The Etiology of Somatoform Disorders | |
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Treatment of Somatoform Disorders | |
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Dissociative Disorders | |
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Dissociative Amnesia | |
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Depersonalization Disorder | |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder) | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Mood Disorders | |
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Classifying the Mood Disorders | |
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Depression and Depressive Disorders | |
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Signs and Symptoms of Depression | |
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Vulnerability and Prevalence of Depression | |
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The Course of Depression | |
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Theories of Depressive Disorders | |
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The Biological Approach to Depression | |
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The Psychological Approach to Depression | |
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Treatment of Depressive Disorders | |
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Biological Therapy for Depression | |
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Psychological Therapy | |
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Bipolar Disorder | |
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Symptoms of Mania | |
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Course of Bipolar Disorder | |
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Cause of Bipolar Disorder | |
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Treatment of Bipolar Disorder | |
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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | |
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Suicide | |
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Who Is at Risk for Suicide? | |
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The Motivation for Suicide | |
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Prevention and Treatment of Suicide | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Early-Onset Disorders | |
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Identifying Childhood Disorders | |
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Vulnerabilities to Disorders | |
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Unique Aspects of Childhood Disorders | |
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Types of Childhood Disorders | |
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Emotional Disorders | |
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Reactive Attachment Disorder | |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder | |
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Phobias | |
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Childhood Depression | |
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Treatment of Emotional Disorders | |
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Developmental Disorders | |
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Autism | |
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Rett's Disorder | |
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Childhood Disintegrative Disorder | |
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Asperger's Disorder | |
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PDD-NOS | |
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Mental Retardation | |
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Learning Disorders | |
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Eating and Habit Disorders | |
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Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia | |
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Elimination Disorders | |
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Stuttering | |
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Tic Disorders | |
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Disruptive Behavior Disorders | |
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Conduct Disorder | |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder | |
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Personality Disorders | |
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Diagnosing Personality Disorders | |
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Categories or Dimensions of Personality? | |
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Development of Disorders | |
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Clusters of Disorders | |
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Odd-Eccentric Disorders | |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder | |
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Schizoid Personality Disorder | |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder | |
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Dramatic-Erratic Disorders | |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder | |
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Histrionic Personality Disorder | |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder | |
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Borderline Personality Disorder | |
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Anxious-Fearful Disorders | |
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Avoidant Personality Disorder | |
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Dependent Personality Disorder | |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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The Schizophrenias | |
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What Is Schizophrenia? | |
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Historical Views | |
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia | |
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DSM-IV Subtypes of Schizophrenia | |
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Other Approaches to Subtyping Schizophrenia | |
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The Epidemiology of Schizophrenia | |
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Deficits in Functioning | |
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Cognitive Deficits | |
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Perceptual Deficits | |
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Motor Deficits | |
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Emotional Deficits | |
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Sources of Vulnerability | |
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Genetics of Schizophrenia | |
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Complications of Pregnancy and Birth | |
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Childhood Indicators of Schizophrenia | |
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The Biology of Schizophrenia | |
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Social Influences | |
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Treatment of Schizophrenia | |
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Drug Therapy | |
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Psychological Treatments | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Late-Onset Disorders | |
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Vulnerability to Disorders of Aging | |
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Physical Vulnerability | |
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Psychological Vulnerability | |
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Dementia | |
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Alzheimer's Disease | |
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Vascular Dementia | |
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Frontal Lobe Dementia | |
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Dementia Due to Parkinson's Disease | |
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Delirium | |
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Late-Life Depression | |
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Prevalence and Symptoms of Clinical Depression | |
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Treatment | |
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Anxiety in the Elderly | |
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Substance Abuse in the Elderly | |
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Delusional Disorder | |
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Late-Onset Schizophrenia | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Psychological Factors and Physical Disorders | |
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Interaction of Mind and Body | |
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Diathesis and Stress | |
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Biological Mechanisms | |
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Psychological Moderating Factors | |
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Coronary Heart Disease | |
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The Type A Personality | |
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Emotional States and CHD | |
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Peptic Ulcers | |
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Symptoms and Development of Ulcers | |
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Who Is Susceptible to Ulcers? | |
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Psychological Factors Influencing Peptic Ulcers | |
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Treatment of Peptic Ulcers | |
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Immune System Disorders | |
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Lowered Immunocompetence and Infectious Illness | |
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AIDS | |
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Cancer | |
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Asthma | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Sexual Disorders | |
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Five Layers of Erotic Life | |
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Gender Identity: Layer I | |
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Characteristics of Transsexuals | |
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The Etiology of Transsexualism | |
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Therapy for Transsexualism: Sex Reassignment | |
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Sexual Orientation: Layer II | |
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Origins of Sexual Orientation | |
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Change of Sexual Orientation | |
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Sexual Preference: Layer III | |
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Types of Paraphilias | |
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The Causes of the Paraphilias | |
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Changing Sexual Preferences | |
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Sex Role: Layer IV | |
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Sexual Performance: Layer V | |
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The Physiology of the Human Sexual Response | |
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Impairment of Sexual Performance | |
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The Causes of Sexual Dysfunction | |
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Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Substance-Use Disorders | |
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Drug Use and Abuse | |
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Historical Aspects of Drug Use and Dependence | |
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DSM-IV Criteria | |
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WHO Definition | |
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Basic Effects of Drugs | |
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Theoretical Models of Drug Dependence | |
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Alcohol | |
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Alcohol Use and Abuse | |
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Defining Alcoholism | |
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Etiology of Alcoholism | |
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Clinical Subgroups of Alcoholics | |
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Treatment | |
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Medical and Social Complications | |
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Stimulants | |
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Use of Methamphetamine | |
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Use of Cocaine | |
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The Effects of Cocaine | |
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Cocaine Dependence | |
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Treatment | |
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Social and Medical Complications | |
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The Opiates | |
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Effects of Opiates | |
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Opiate Dependence | |
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Treatment | |
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Medical and Social Complications | |
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Hallucinogens | |
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Effects of Hallucinogens | |
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Medical and Social Complications | |
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PCP and MDMA | |
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Marijuana | |
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Effects of Marijuana | |
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Medical and Social Complications | |
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Tobacco | |
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Effects of Nicotine | |
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Nicotine Dependence | |
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Treatment | |
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Medical and Social Complications | |
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Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines | |
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Effects of Sedatives | |
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Sedative Dependence | |
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Reducing Drug Abuse | |
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Legalize Drugs? | |
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Limit Drug Availability? | |
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Drug Education and Prevention | |
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Improve Treatment and Research | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Social and Legal Perspectives | |
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The Impact of Mental Illness | |
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The Burden on the Individual | |
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The Cost to the Family | |
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The Costs to Society | |
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Patient and Family Activism | |
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Involuntary Commitment | |
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Civil Commitment Procedures | |
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The Right to Treatment | |
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Abolish or Expand Involuntary Hospitalization? | |
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Criminal Commitment | |
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Competency to Stand Trial | |
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The Insanity Defense | |
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New Challenges to the Legal System | |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder and Legal Responsibility | |
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Accuracy of Recovered Memories | |
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The Abuse of Mental Health Care | |
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Clinical Malpractice | |
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Abuse by Society | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Future Directions | |
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Levels of Analysis: The Biopsychology of Murder | |
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Science and Practice: Effectiveness and Economics of Psychotherapy | |
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The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy | |
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The Economics of Psychotherapy | |
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Development: The Prevention Frontier | |
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Depression | |
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Anxiety | |
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Aggression and Violence | |
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Treatment of Choice: Positive Psychology | |
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Putting It All Together | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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References | |
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Acknowledgments and Copyrights | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |