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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is World Politics and Why Do We Study It? | |
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| Twelve Puzzles in Search of Explanations | |
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| The Framework: Interests, Interactions, and Institutions | |
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| Levels of Analysis | |
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| Integrating Insights from Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism | |
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| The Plan of the Book | |
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| Foundations | |
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| What Shaped Our World? A Historical Introduction | |
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| The Emergence of International Relations: The Mercantilist Era | |
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| How Do We Know? Mercantilism and the Thirteen Colonies | |
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| The Pax Britannica | |
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| What Shaped Our World? Colonists and the Colonized | |
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| The Hundred Years' Peace | |
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| Free Trade | |
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| The Gold Standard | |
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| Colonial Imperialism | |
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| The Thirty Years' Crisis | |
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| Tension in Europe | |
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| World War I and Its Effects | |
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| Interwar Instability | |
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| World War II | |
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| The Cold War | |
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| The Superpowers Emerge | |
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| The Blocs Consolidate | |
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| Decolonization | |
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| The Rise of the Third World | |
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| The Cold War Thaws | |
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| After the Cold War | |
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| The Cold War fends | |
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| Worldwide Economic Developments | |
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| New Diplomatic Challenges | |
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| What Will Shape Our World in the Future? | |
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| American Predominance and Challenges to It | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Understanding Interests, Interactions, and Institutions | |
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| Interests: What Do Actors Want from Politics? | |
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| Actors and Interests | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Rise of the State | |
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| Interactions: Why Can't Actors Always Get What They Want? | |
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| Cooperation and Bargaining | |
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| When Can Actors Cooperate? | |
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| Who Wins and Who Loses in Bargaining? | |
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| Institutions: Do Rules Matter in World Politics? | |
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| How Do Institutions Affect Cooperation? | |
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| How Do We Know? The International Diffusion of Election Monitoring | |
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| Whom Do Institutions Benefit? | |
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| Why Follow the Rules? | |
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| Conclusion: Thinking Analytically about World Politics | |
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| Special Topic: A Primer on Game Theory | |
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| War and Peace | |
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| Why Are There Wars? | |
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| What Is the Purpose of War? | |
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| What Do States Fight Over? | |
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| Bargaining and War | |
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| Compellence and Deterrence: Varieties of Coercive Bargaining | |
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| Do Wars Happen by Mistake? War from Incomplete Information | |
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| Incentives to Misrepresent and the Problem of Credibility | |
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| Communicating Resolve: The Language of Coercion | |
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| Can an Adversary Be Trusted to Honor a Deal? War from Commitment Problems | |
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| Bargaining over Goods That Are a Source of Future Bargaining Power | |
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| How Do We Know?. Bargaining and Conflict over Territory | |
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| Controversy: Should We Negotiate with Rogue Regimes? | |
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| Prevention: War in Response to Changing Power | |
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| Preemption: War in Response to First-Strike Advantages | |
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| What Shaped Our World'? Prevention and Preemption in World War I | |
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| Is Compromise Always Possible? War from Indivisibility | |
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| How Can We Make War Less Likely? | |
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| Raising the Costs of War | |
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| Increasing Transparency | |
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| Providing Outside Enforcement of Commitments | |
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| Dividing Apparently Indivisible Goods | |
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| Conclusion: Why War? | |
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| Domestic Politics and War | |
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| Whose Interests Count in Matters of War and Peace? | |
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| National versus Particularistic Interests | |
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| Interactions, Institutions, and Influence | |
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| Do Politicians Spark Wars Abroad in Order to Hold On to Power at Home? | |
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| What Do Leaders Want? | |
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| Controversy: Should We Assassinate Leaders Rather Than Fight Their Armies? | |
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| The Rally Effect and the Diversionary Incentive | |
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| Do Leaders "Wag the Dog"? | |
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| The Political Costs of War | |
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| How Do We Know? War and the Fate of Political Leaders | |
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| Do Countries Fight Wars to Satisfy the Military or Special Interest Groups? | |
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| Bureaucratic Politics and the Military | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Kargil War and Military Influence in War | |
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| Interest Groups: Economic and Ethnic Lobbies | |
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| How Can Small Groups Have a Big Influence on Policy? | |
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| How Do Domestic Interests Affect International Bargaining? | |
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| Why Don't Democracies Fight One Another? | |
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| What Is Democracy? | |
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| Representation, Accountability, and Interests in War and Peace | |
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| Democracy and the Bargaining Interaction | |
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| Domestic Institutions or Strategic Interests? | |
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| Conclusion: What If All the World Were Democratic? | |
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| International Institutions and War | |
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| Alliances: Why Promise to Fight Someone Else's War? | |
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| Alliances and Alignments | |
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| Alliances and the Likelihood of War | |
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| How Alliances Establish Credibility | |
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| Why Aren't Alliance Commitments Ironclad? | |
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| The Success and Failure of Alliances in Europe, 1879-1990 | |
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| What Shaped Our World? NATO after the Cold War | |
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| Collective Security: Why Can't the United Nations Keep the Peace? | |
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| How Does Collective Security Work? | |
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| The Dilemmas of Collective Security | |
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| Institutional Responses to the Challenges of Collective Security | |
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| The Experience of Collective Security: The United Nations | |
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| Controversy: Should the International Community Intervene Militarily in Civil Conflicts? | |
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| How Do We Know? Does Peacekeeping Keep the Peace? | |
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| Conclusion: Are Poor Police Better Than None? | |
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| Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism | |
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| Why Does War Occur within States? | |
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| Why Rebel? | |
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| Controversy: Should Every Group Have a State of Its Own? | |
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| When Does Dissatisfaction Lead to Armed Opposition? | |
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| How Do We Know? Why Civil Wars Cluster Together | |
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| Civil War As a Bargaining Failure | |
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| The Strategies of Civil War | |
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| What Can Be Done about Civil War? | |
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| Terrorism: Why Kill Civilians? | |
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| Are Terrorists Rational? | |
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| Why Terrorism? | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Rise of Al Qaeda | |
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| Terrorism As a Bargaining Failure | |
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| How Can Terrorists Hope to Win? Strategies of Violence | |
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| Can Terrorism Be Prevented? | |
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| Conclusion: A Challenge to States? | |
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| International Political Economy | |
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| International Trade | |
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| What's So Good about Trade? | |
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| Why Do Countries Trade What They Do? | |
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| Trade Restrictions Are the Rule, Not the Exception | |
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| Why Do Governments Restrict Trade? The Domestic Political Economy of Protection | |
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| Winners and Losers in International Trade | |
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| Economic Interests and Trade Policy | |
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| Domestic Institutions and Trade Policy | |
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| How Do We Know? The Political Economy of American Sugar Protection | |
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| Costs, Benefits, and Compensation in National Trade Policies | |
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| How Do Countries Get What They Want? The International Political Economy of Trade | |
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| Strategic Interaction in International Trade Relations | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Creation of a Single European Market | |
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| International Institutions in International Trade | |
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| Explaining Trends and Patterns in International Trade | |
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| Why, within a Country, Are Some Industries Protected and Some Not? | |
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| Controversy: Does the WTO Hurt the Global Poor? | |
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| Why Have National Trade Policies Varied over Time? | |
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| Why Do Some Countries Have Higher Trade Barriers Than Others? | |
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| Why Has the World Trading Order Been More or Less Open at Different Times? | |
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| Conclusion: Trade and Politics | |
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| Special Topic: Comparative Advantage and the Political Economy of Trade | |
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| International Financial Relations | |
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| How and Why Do People Invest Overseas? | |
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| Why Invest Abroad? Why Borrow Abroad? | |
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| What's the Problem with Foreign Investment? | |
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| Concessional Finance | |
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| Why Is International Finance Controversial? | |
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| Who Wants to Borrow? Who Wants to Lend? | |
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| Debtor-Creditor Interactions | |
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| Institutions of International Finance | |
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| Controversy: Is the IMF Unfair? | |
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| Recent Borrowing and Debt Crises | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Latin American Debt Crisis | |
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| A New Crisis Hits the United States-and the World | |
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| Foreign Direct Investment: What Role Do Multinational Corporations Play? | |
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| Why Do Corporations Go Multinational? | |
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| Why Do Countries Let Foreign Multinationals In? | |
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| How Do We Know? Who's Afraid of MNCs, and Who Likes Them? | |
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| Host-Country Interactions with MNCs | |
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| Why Aren't There International Institutions Related to FDI? | |
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| International Migration: What Happens When People-Rather Than Capital-Move across Borders? | |
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| Conclusion: The Politics of International Investment | |
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| International Monetary Relations | |
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| What Are Exchange Rates, and Why Do They Matter? | |
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| How Are Currency Values Determined? | |
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| Allowing the Exchange Rate to Change | |
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| Who Cares about Exchange Rates, and Why? | |
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| Governments | |
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| Consumers and Businesses | |
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| Can There Be World Money without World Government? | |
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| When and Why Do Governments Agree on the Monetary Order? | |
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| International Monetary Cooperation and Conflict | |
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| International Monetary Regimes | |
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| A Short History of International Monetary Systems | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Wizard of Oz and the Gold Standard | |
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| Regional Monetary Arrangements: The Euro | |
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| How Do We Know? Who Wanted the Euro? | |
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| What Happens When Currencies Collapse? | |
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| Effects on Government | |
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| International Repercussions | |
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| Containing Currency Crises | |
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| Conclusion: Currencies, Conflict, and Cooperation | |
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| Controversy: Should Currency Traders Be Permitted to "Attack" Weak Currencies? | |
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| Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations | |
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| If Everyone Wants Development, Why Is It So Hard to Achieve? | |
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| Geographic Location | |
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| What Shaped Our World? Paths to Development | |
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| Domestic Factors | |
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| Domestic Institutions | |
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| How Do We Know? Explaining Developmental Differences: North and South America | |
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| Are Rich Countries Responsible for the Problems of the Developing World? | |
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| Did Colonialism Hamper Development? | |
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| Is the International Economy Biased against LDCs? | |
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| Are International Institutions Biased against LDCs? | |
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| Development Policies and Development Politics | |
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| Import Substituting Industrialization | |
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| Export-Oriented Industrialization | |
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| The Turn toward Globalization | |
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| Attempts to Remedy the Bias of International Institutions | |
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| Is Foreign Aid an Answer? | |
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| Controversy: What Responsibilities Do Rich Countries Have to the Global Poor? | |
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| Globalization and Its Discontents | |
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| Conclusion: Toward Global Development | |
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| Addressing International Factors | |
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| Addressing Domestic Factors | |
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| Transnational Politics | |
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| International Law and Norms | |
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| What Is International Law? | |
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| How Does International Law Get Made? | |
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| What Shaped Our World? Crimes against Humanity | |
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| Is All International Law the Same? | |
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| How Do We Know? The European Court of Justice and the Integration of Europe | |
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| Does International Law Matter? | |
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| What Are International Norms? | |
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| How Are International Norms Created? | |
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| Controversy: Toys Made for Children, by Children | |
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| Do Norms Matter? | |
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| Beyond Norms: TANs and International Cooperation | |
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| Conclusion: Is the State Obsolete? | |
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| Human Rights | |
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| What Are International Human Rights? | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | |
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| Why Are Human Rights Controversial? | |
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| Are Some Rights More Important Than Others? | |
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| Why Do Individuals and States Care about the Human Rights of Others? | |
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| Controversy: Should Economic Sanctions Be Imposed on Governments That Violate Human Rights? | |
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| Why Do States Violate Human Rights? | |
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| Why Do States Sign Human Rights Agreements? | |
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| Why Don't States Observe International Human Rights Law? | |
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| Does International Human Rights Law Make a Difference? | |
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| How Do We Know? Human Rights Abuses around the Globe | |
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| What Can Lead to Better Protection of International Human Rights? | |
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| When Do States Take Action on Human Rights? | |
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| Will Protection of Human Rights Improve in the Future? | |
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| Conclusion: Why Protect Human Rights? | |
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| The Global Environment | |
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| Why Are Good Intentions Not Good Enough? | |
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| Collective Action and the Environment | |
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| Solving Collective Action Problems | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Campaign to Save the Whales | |
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| Why Do Polluters Usually Win? | |
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| Domestic Winners and Losers | |
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| International Winners and Losers | |
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| Controversy: Who Should Bear the Costs of Addressing Global Climate Change? | |
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| How Do We Know? Patterns of Environmental Performance | |
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| Bargaining over the Future Environment | |
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| How Can Institutions Promote International Environmental Cooperation? | |
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| Setting Standards and Verifying Compliance | |
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| Facilitating Decision Making | |
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| Resolving Disputes | |
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| Conclusion: Can Global Environmental Cooperation Succeed? | |
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| Special Topic: The Science of Ozone Depletion and Global Climate Change | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| The Future of International Politics | |
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| Can the Spread of WMD Be Stopped? | |
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| What Do Theory and History Tell Us? | |
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| What Shaped Our World? The Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons | |
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| Preventing the Spread of WMD | |
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| Will China and the United States Fight for Global Leadership? | |
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| What Do Theory and History Tell Us? | |
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| A Coming Showdown or Peaceful Engagement? | |
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| What Will the United States Do? | |
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| Will Economic Globalization Continue? | |
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| What Do Theory and History Tell Us? | |
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| Resistance to Globalization in the Developed World | |
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| How Do We Know? Is Globalization Increasing Inequality? | |
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| Resistance to Globalization in the Developing World | |
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| Backlash and the International Trading System | |
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| Will Globalization Lead to Global Government? | |
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| What Do Theory and History Tell Us? | |
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| Coming Conflicts over Global Governance | |
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| Who Will Set the Rules? | |
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| Conclusion: Can Our Common Interests Prevail? | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |