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Preface | |
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Basic Concepts | |
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Introduction | |
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Definitions | |
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Classification of Flows | |
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Steady and Unsteady Flows | |
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Uniform and Nonuniform flows | |
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Laminar and Turbulent Flows | |
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Subcritical, Supercritical, and Critical Flows | |
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Terminology | |
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Velocity Distribution | |
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Energy Coefficient | |
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Momentum Cefficient | |
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Example 1-1 | |
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Pressure Distribution | |
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Static Conditions | |
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Horizontal, Parallel Flow | |
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Parallel Flow in Sloping Channels | |
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Curvilinear Flow | |
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Reynolds Transport Theorem | |
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Computer Program | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Conservation Laws | |
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Introduction | |
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Conservation of Mass | |
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Conservation of Momentum | |
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Equation of Motion | |
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Steady Flow | |
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Steady, Uniform Flow | |
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Unsteady, Nonuniform Flow | |
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Specific Energy | |
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Application of Momentum and Energy Equations | |
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Channel Transition | |
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Example 2-1 | |
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Hydraulic Jump | |
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Example 2-2 | |
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Hydraulic Jump at Sluice Gate Outlet | |
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Example 2-3 | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Critical Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Rectangular Channel | |
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Specific Energy | |
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Unit discharge | |
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Specific force | |
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Wave Celerity | |
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Non-Rectangular Channel | |
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Specific Energy | |
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Specific Force | |
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Application of Critical Flow | |
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Constant-width Channel with Bottom Step | |
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Horizontal Variable-width Channel | |
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Example 3-1 | |
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Location of Critical Flow | |
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Computation of Critical Depth | |
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Design curves | |
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Trial-and-Error Procedure | |
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Numerical Methods | |
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Example 3-2 | |
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Critical Depths in Compound Channels | |
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General Remarks | |
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Example 3-3 | |
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Algorithm for Computing the Critical Depths | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Uniform Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Flow Resistance | |
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Flow Resistance Equations | |
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Chezy Equation | |
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Manning Equation | |
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Other Resistance Equations | |
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Computation of Normal Depth | |
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Example 4-1 | |
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Equivalent Manning Constant | |
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Compound Channel Cross Section | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Gradually Varied Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Governing Equation | |
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Classification of Water-Surface Profiles | |
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General Remarks | |
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Sketching of Water-Surface Profiles | |
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Example 5-1 | |
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Example 5-2 | |
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Discharge From a Reservoir | |
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Example 5-3 | |
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Profiles in Compound Channels | |
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Example 5-4 | |
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Example 5-5 | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Computation of Gradually Varied Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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General Remarks | |
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Direct-Step Method | |
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Example 6-1 | |
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Standard Step Method | |
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Example 6-2 | |
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Integration of Differential Equation | |
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Single-step Methods | |
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Euler method | |
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Improved Euler method | |
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Modified Euler Method | |
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Fourth-order Runge-Kutta Method | |
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Predictor-Corrector Methods | |
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Simultaneous Solution Procedure | |
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Governing Equations | |
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Single and Series Channels | |
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Channel Networks | |
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Example 6-3 | |
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Practical Applications | |
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Computer Programs | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Rapidly Varied Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Application of Conservation Laws | |
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Channel Transitions | |
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General Remarks | |
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Subcritical Flow | |
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Supercritical Flow | |
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Oblique Hydraulic Jump | |
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Weirs | |
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Sharp-Crested Weirs | |
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Broad-Crested Weirs | |
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Hydraulic Jump | |
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Ratio of Sequent Depths | |
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Length of Jump | |
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Jump Profile | |
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Jump types | |
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Energy loss | |
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Jump Location | |
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Control of Jump | |
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Spillways | |
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Overflow Spillway | |
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Energy Dissipators | |
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Stilling Basins | |
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Flip Buckets | |
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Roller Buckets | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Computation of Rapidly Varied Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Governing Equations | |
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Characteristic directions | |
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Coordinate Transformations | |
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Computation of Supercritical Flow | |
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Finite-difference methods | |
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Boundary Conditions | |
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Verification | |
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Computation of Sub- and Supercritical Flows | |
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Numerical Solution | |
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Verification | |
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Simulation of Hydraulic Jump | |
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Governing Equations | |
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Numerical Solution | |
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Computational Procedure | |
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Results | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Channel Design | |
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Introduction | |
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Rigid-Boundary Channels | |
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Example 9-1 | |
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Most Efficient Hydraulic Section | |
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Erodible Channels | |
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Permissible Velocity Method | |
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Example 9-2 | |
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Tractive Force Method | |
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Example 9-3 | |
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Alluvial Channels | |
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Regime Theory | |
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Example 9-4 | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Special Topics | |
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Introduction | |
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Flow in a Channel Connecting Two Reservoirs | |
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Mild bottom slope | |
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Steep bottom slope | |
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Air Entrainment in High-Velocity Flow | |
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Flow Through Culverts | |
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Flow Measurement | |
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Velocity-area method | |
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Slope-area method | |
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Flumes | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Unsteady Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Definitions | |
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Occurrence of Unsteady Flow | |
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Height and Celerity of a Gravity Wave | |
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Continuity equation | |
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Momentum equation | |
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Example 11-1 | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Governing Equations for One-Dimensional Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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St. Venant Equations | |
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Continuity Equation | |
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Momentum Equation | |
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General Remarks | |
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Boussinesq Equations | |
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Continuity equation | |
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Momentum Equation in z-direction | |
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Momentum Equation in x-direction | |
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Integral Forms | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Numerical Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Method of characteristics | |
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Characteristics | |
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Initial and Boundary Conditions | |
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Characteristic Grid Method | |
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Method of Specified Intervals | |
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Other Numerical Methods | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Finite-Difference Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Terminology | |
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Finite-difference approximations | |
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Explicit Finite-Difference Schemes | |
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Unstable scheme | |
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Diffusive scheme | |
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MacCormack Scheme | |
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Lambda scheme | |
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Gabutti Scheme | |
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Implicit Finite-Difference Schemes | |
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Preissmann Scheme | |
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Beam and Warming scheme | |
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VasilievVasiliev, O. F. scheme | |
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Consistency | |
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Stability | |
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Example 14-1 | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Two-Dimensional Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Governing Equations | |
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Numerical Solution | |
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MacCormack Scheme | |
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General formulation | |
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Boundary conditions | |
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Gabutti Scheme | |
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General formulation | |
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Boundary conditions | |
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Artificial Viscosity | |
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Beam and Warming Schemes | |
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General formulation | |
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Factored schemes | |
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Implicit split-flux factoring | |
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Boundary conditions | |
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Finite-Volume Scheme | |
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Predictor part | |
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Corrector part | |
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Applications | |
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Partial breach or opening of sluice gates | |
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Propagation of a flood wave through channel contraction | |
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Comparison with other methods | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Sediment Transport | |
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Introduction | |
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Sediment property | |
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Sediment size | |
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Size distribution | |
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Sand-bed and gravel-bed streams | |
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Threshold of sediment motion | |
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Critical Shields stress for sediment mixture | |
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Condition for significant suspension | |
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Shields diagram | |
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The Exner equation of bed sediment conservation | |
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Exner equation for multiple size fraction | |
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Bed-load transport relations | |
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Bed load transport relations for poorly sorted sediment | |
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Suspended-load transport | |
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Entrainment Relations | |
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Resistance relations | |
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Separation of form drag | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Special Topics | |
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Introduction | |
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Rating Curve | |
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Flood Routing | |
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Reservoir Routing | |
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Channel Routing | |
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Kinematic Routing | |
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Diffusion Routing | |
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Muskingum-Cunge Routing | |
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Aggradation and Degradation of Channel Bottom | |
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Introduction | |
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Governing equations | |
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Numerical Scheme | |
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Applications | |
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Aggradation due to sediment overloading | |
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Knickpoint migration | |
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References | |
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Subject Index | |
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Author Index | |