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| Introduction to the Endocrine System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Chemical Nature of Hormones | |
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| Transport of Hormones in the Circulation | |
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| Cellular Responses to Hormones | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| Endocrine Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Enteroendocrine Hormone Families and Their Receptors | |
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| Gastrin and the Regulation of Gastric Function | |
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| Enteroendocrine Regulation of the Exocrine Pancreas and Gallbladder | |
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| Insulinotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Peptides (Incretin Action) | |
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| Enterotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Hormones | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| Energy Metabolism | |
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| Key Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Overview of Energy Metabolism | |
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| General Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism | |
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| Key Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis | |
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| Metabolic Homeostasis: The Integrated Outcome of Hormonal and Substrate/Product Regulation of Metabolic Pathways | |
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| Liver | |
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| Skeletal Muscle | |
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| Adipose Tissue-Derived Hormones and Adipokines | |
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| Appetite Control and Obesity | |
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| Diabetes Mellitus | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Calcium and Phosphorus are Important Dietary Elements that Play Many Crucial Roles in Cellular Physiology | |
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| Physiologic Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Parathyroid Hormone and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamixi D | |
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| Small Intestine, Bone, and Kidney Determine Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Pi Levels | |
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| Pathologic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Balance | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Embryology and Anatomy | |
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| Neurohypophysis | |
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| Adenohypophysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| The Thyroid Gland | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid Gland | |
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| Production of Thyroid Hormones | |
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| Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| The Adrenal Gland | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Anatomy | |
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| Adrenal Medulla | |
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| Adrenal Cortex | |
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| Zona Glomerulosa | |
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| Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Cortex | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| Life Cycle of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems | |
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| Objectives | |
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| General Components of a Reproductive System | |
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| Overview of Meiosis | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Reproductive Systems | |
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| Sexual Development in Utero | |
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| Puberty | |
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| Menopause and Andropause | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| The Male Reproductive System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Histophysiology of the Testis | |
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| Transport, Actions, and Metabolism of Androgens | |
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| Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis | |
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| Male Reproductive Tract | |
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| Disorders Involving the Male Reproductive System | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| The Female Reproductive System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Anatomy and Histology of the Ovary | |
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| Growth, Development, and Function of the Ovarian Follicle | |
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| The Human Menstrual Cycle | |
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| Female Reproductive Tract | |
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| Biology of Estradiol and Progesterone | |
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| Ovarian Pathophysiology | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Lactation | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Fertilization, Early Embryogenesis, Implantation, and Placentation | |
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| Placental Transport | |
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| The Fetal Endocrine System | |
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| Maternal Endocrine Changes During Pregnancy | |
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| Maternal Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy | |
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| Parturition | |
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| Mammogenesis and Lactation | |
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| Contraception | |
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| In Vitro Fertilization | |
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| Summary | |
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| Self-study Problems | |
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| Keywords and Concepts | |
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| Answers to Self-Study Problems | |
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| Comprehensive Multiple-Choice Examination | |
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| Hormone Ranges | |
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| Abbreviations and Symbols | |
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| Index | |