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Introduction | |
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Anatomy | |
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Systemic Anatomy | |
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Regional Anatomy | |
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Developmental Anatomy | |
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Functional Anatomy | |
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Clinical Anatomy | |
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Nomenclature | |
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Anatomical Position | |
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Planes and Sections | |
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Sagittal | |
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Frontal or Coronal | |
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Transverse or Horizontal | |
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Anatomical Terms | |
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Superior and Inferior | |
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Anterior and Posterior | |
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Medial, Lateral, and Median | |
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Proximal and Distal | |
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External, Internal, and Intermediate | |
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Parietal and Visceral | |
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Prone and Supine | |
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Ipsilateral, Contralateral, and Bilateral | |
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Views and Aspects | |
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Anatomical Movement | |
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Flexion and Extension | |
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Abduction and Adduction | |
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Elevation and Depression | |
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Protrusion and Retrusion | |
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Supination and Pronation | |
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Vocabulary Specific to Anatomy | |
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Primary Tissues | |
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Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium, Epithelia) | |
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Connective Tissue | |
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Muscular Tissue | |
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Nervous Tissue | |
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Terms Relative to Bones | |
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Depressions | |
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Elevations | |
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Respiratory System | |
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Overview | |
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Skeletal Support for Respiration | |
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Vertebral Column | |
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Rib Cage (Ribs, Cartilages, Sternum) | |
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Pectoral, Scapular, or Shoulder Girdle | |
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Pelvic Girdle or Bony Pelvis | |
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Respiratory Tract | |
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Nasal Cavities | |
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Oral Cavity | |
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Pharynx | |
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Larynx | |
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Trachea | |
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Bronchi | |
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Lungs | |
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Pleura | |
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Respiratory Muscles | |
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Principal Muscles of Inspiration | |
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Accessory Muscles of Inspiration | |
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Muscles of Expiration | |
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities | |
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Volumes | |
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Capacities | |
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Other Functional Measures | |
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Phonatory System | |
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Overview | |
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Larynx | |
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Cartilages of the Larynx | |
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Thyroid Cartilage | |
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Cricoid Cartilage | |
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Arytenoid Cartilages | |
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Corniculate, or Santorini's, Cartilages | |
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Cuneiform Cartilages | |
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Triticeal (Tritiate) Cartilages | |
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Epiglottis | |
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Hyoid Bone | |
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Types of Joints | |
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Ligaments and Membranes | |
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Extrinsic Ligaments and Membranes | |
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Intrinsic Ligaments and Membranes | |
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Vocal Folds | |
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Tissue Layers of the Vocal Folds | |
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Visual Representation of the Classifications of Vocal Fold Layers | |
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Muscles of the Larynx | |
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Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx | |
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Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx | |
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Articulatory System | |
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Overview | |
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Cranial Anatomy | |
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Cranium | |
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Facial Skeleton | |
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Sinuses | |
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Vocal Tract | |
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Pharyngeal Cavity | |
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Nasal Cavities | |
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Oral Cavity | |
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Tonsils | |
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Palate | |
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Tongue | |
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Salivary Glands | |
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Lips | |
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Teeth | |
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Muscles of the Lips and Facial Expression | |
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Orbicularis Oris Muscle | |
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Two Transverse Muscles | |
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Five Angular Muscles | |
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Three Vertical Muscles | |
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One Muscle of the Neck | |
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Platysma Muscle | |
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Muscles of the Tongue | |
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Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue | |
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Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue | |
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Muscles of Mastication | |
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Temporomandibular Joint | |
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Three Jaw Closing Muscles (Jaw Elevators) | |
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Four Jaw Opening Muscles (Jaw Depressors) | |
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Muscles of the Soft Palate | |
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Levator Veli Palatini Muscle | |
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Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle | |
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Palatoglossus (Glossopalatine) Muscle | |
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Palatopharyngeus Muscle | |
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Uvular Muscle (Musculus Uvulae) | |
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Muscles of the Pharynx | |
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Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle | |
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Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle | |
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Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle | |
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Salpingopharyngeus Muscle | |
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Stylopharyngeus Muscle | |
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Velopharyngeal Mechanism | |
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Esophagus | |
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Upper Esophageal, or Inferior Pharyngeal, Sphincter | |
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Primary Esophageal Peristalsis | |
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Lower Esophageal Sphincter | |
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Auditory System | |
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Overview | |
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Anatomical Divisions of the Ear | |
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Outer Ear | |
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Middle Ear | |
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Inner Ear and Vestibular System | |
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Scala Media, or Cochlear Duct | |
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Cochlear Afferent and Efferent Innervation | |
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Afferent Innervation | |
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Afferent Central Auditory Pathway | |
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Efferent Central Auditory Pathway (Auditory Centrifugal Pathway) | |
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Nervous System | |
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Overview | |
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Neuroanatomical Terms of Direction | |
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Telencephalon (Cerebral Hemispheres or Cerebrum and Basal Ganglia) | |
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Surface Structures | |
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Internal Structures of the Cerebral Hemispheres | |
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Basal Ganglia | |
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Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus, and Subthalamus) | |
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Characteristic Features | |
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Importance for Speech and Swallowing | |
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Mesencephalon (Midbrain) | |
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Characteristic Features | |
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Importance for Speech and Swallowing | |
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Metencephalon (Pons and Cerebellum) | |
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Characteristic Features | |
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Importance for Speech and Swallowing | |
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Myelencephalon (Medulla Oblongata) | |
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Characteristic Features | |
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Importance for Speech and Swallowing | |
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Brainstem Pattern-Generating Circuitry | |
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Spinal Cord | |
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Characteristic Features | |
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Internal Structures | |
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Cerebellum | |
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Characteristic Features | |
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Importance for Speech and Swallowing | |
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Meninges | |
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Dura Mater | |
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Arachnoid Mater | |
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Pia Mater | |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
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Cerebral Vasculature | |
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Cranial Nerves | |
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Types of Cranial Nerve Fibers | |
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Olfactory (Sensory) | |
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Optic (Sensory) | |
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Oculomotor (Motor) | |
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Trochlear (Motor) | |
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Trigeminal (Motor and Sensory) | |
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Abducens (Motor) | |
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Facial (Motor and Sensory) | |
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Vestibulocochlear (Sensory) | |
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Glossopharyngeal (Motor and Sensory) | |
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Vagus, or Pneumogastric, Nerve (Motor and Sensory) | |
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Accessory (Motor) | |
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Hypoglossal (Motor) | |
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Index | |