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| Preface | |
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| Background | |
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| Scaling in Biology | |
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| Scientific Methods and Human Knowledge | |
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| Domain of Ecology: Definitions and Groundwork | |
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| The Urgency of Basic Ecological Research | |
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| Natural Selection | |
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| Levels of Approach in Biology | |
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| Debates and Progress in Ecology | |
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| History and Biogeography | |
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| Self-Replicating Molecular Assemblages | |
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| The Geological Past | |
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| Classical Biogeography | |
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| Continental Drift | |
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| Meteorology | |
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| Earth's Physical Environment | |
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| Major Determinants of Climate | |
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| Local Perturbations | |
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| Variations in Time and Space | |
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| Global Weather Modification | |
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| Climate and Vegetation | |
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| Plant Life Forms and Biomes | |
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| Microclimate | |
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| Primary Production and Evapotranspiration | |
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| Soil Formation and Primary Succession | |
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| Ecotones and Vegetational Continua | |
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| Classification of Natural Communities | |
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| Aquatic Ecosystems | |
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| Resource Acquisition and Allocation | |
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| Limiting Factors and Tolerance Curves | |
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| Resource Budgets and the Principle of Allocation | |
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| Time, Matter, and Energy Budgets | |
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| Leaf Tactics | |
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| Foraging Tactics and Feeding Efficiency | |
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| Physiological Ecology | |
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| Physiological Optima and Tolerance Curves | |
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| Energetics of Metabolism and Movement | |
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| Adaptation and Deterioration of Environment | |
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| Heat Budgets and Thermal Ecology | |
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| Water Economy in Desert Organisms | |
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| Other Limiting Materials | |
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| Sensory Capacities and Environmental Cues | |
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| Adaptive Suites | |
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| Design Constraints | |
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| Rules of Inheritance | |
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| Basic Mendelian Genetics | |
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| Nature versus Nurture | |
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| Selfish Genes | |
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| Population Genetics | |
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| Maintenance of Variability | |
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| Units of Selection | |
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| Genetic Engineering | |
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| Evolution and Natural Selection | |
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| Agents of Evolution | |
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| Types of Natural Selection | |
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| Ecological Genetics | |
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| Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation | |
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| Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms | |
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| Galapagos Finches | |
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| Vital Statistics of Populations | |
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| Individuals Versus Populations | |
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| Life Tables and Tables of Reproduction | |
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| Net Reproductive Rate and Reproductive Value | |
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| Stable Age Distribution | |
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| Leslie Matrices | |
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| Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase | |
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| Demographic and Environmental Stochasticity | |
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| Evolution of Reproductive Tactics | |
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| Reproductive Effort | |
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| Expenditure per Progeny | |
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| Patterns in Avian Clutch Sizes | |
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| Evolution of Death Rates and Old Age | |
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| Joint Evolution of Rates of Reproduction and Mortality | |
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| Population Growth and Regulation | |
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| Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Equation | |
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| Derivation of the Logistic Equation | |
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| Density Dependence and Density Independence | |
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| Opportunistic versus Equilibrium Populations | |
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| Population Regulation | |
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| Population "Cycles": Cause and Effect | |
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| Sociality | |
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| Use of Space: Home Range and Territoriality | |
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| Sex | |
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| Sex Ratio | |
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| Sexual Selection and Mating Systems | |
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| Fitness and an Individual's Status in Its Population | |
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| Social Behavior and Kin Selection | |
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| The Evolution of Self-Deceipt | |
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| Interactions Between Populations | |
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| Direct Interactions | |
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| Complex Population Interactions | |
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| Mutualistic Interactions and Symbiotic Relationships | |
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| Indirect Interactions | |
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| Competition | |
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| Mechanisms of Competition | |
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| Lotka-Volterra Competition Equations | |
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| Competitive Exclusion | |
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| Balance Between Intraspecific and Interspecific Competition | |
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| Evolutionary Consequences of Competition | |
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| Laboratory Experiments | |
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| Evidence from Nature | |
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| Other Prospects | |
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| The Ecological Niche | |
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| History and Definitions | |
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| The Hypervolume Model | |
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| Niche Overlap and Competition | |
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| Niche Dynamics | |
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| Niche Dimensionality | |
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| Niche Breadth | |
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| Evolution of Niches | |
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| Experimental Ecology | |
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| Design of Experiments | |
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| Ecological Experiments | |
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| A Defaunation Experiment | |
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| Predation and Parasitism | |
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| Predation | |
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| Predator-Prey Oscillations | |
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| "Prudent" Predation and Optimal Yield | |
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| Selected Experiments and Observations | |
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| Evolutionary Consequences: Prey Escape Tactics | |
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| Parasitism | |
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| Epidemiology | |
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| Darwinian Medicine | |
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| Coevolution | |
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| Phylogenetics in Ecology | |
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| Phylogenetic Systematics | |
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| Vicariance Biogeography | |
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| Phylogeny and the Modern Comparative Method | |
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| Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts | |
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| Evolutionary Ecomorphology | |
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| Community and Ecosystem Ecology | |
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| Systems and Macrodescriptors | |
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| Systems Ecology | |
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| Compartmentation | |
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| The Community Matrix | |
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| Biogeochemical Cycles in Ecosystems | |
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| Principles of Thermodynamics | |
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| Pyramids of Energy, Numbers, and Biomass | |
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| Energy Flow and Ecological Energetics | |
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| Secondary Succession | |
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| Evolutionary Convergence and Ecological Equivalence | |
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| Community Evolution | |
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| Pseudocommunities | |
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| Landscape Ecology and Macroecology | |
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| Biodiversity and Community Stability | |
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| Saturation with Individuals and with Species | |
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| Species Diversity | |
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| Latitudinal Gradients in Diversity | |
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| Types of Stability | |
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| Community Stability | |
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| Island Biogeography and Conservation Biology | |
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| Species-Area Relationships | |
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| Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography | |
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| Islands as Ecological Experiments: Some Examples | |
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| The Taxon Cycle | |
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| Experimental Biogeography | |
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| Conservation Biology | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |