MI�A PANI� is Emeritus Fellow of Selwyn College, University of Cambridge (UK) and formerly Visiting Professor of International Economics at the University of Milan. His non-academic appointments have included posts in UK Government Economic Service (Chief Economist at the National Economic Development Office), Bank of England (Head of External Policy Division) and the United Nations (Vice Chairman of the Committee for Development Policy, Consultant on the Economies in Transition and on Economic Reconstruction of Post-Conflict Countries), as well as a year with Ford Motor Co. His publications include books and many articles in international economics, macroeconomics, industrial economics… and development economics.