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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Narrative | |
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| The Decline of the Traditional State, 1780-1901 | |
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| China in 1780 | |
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| The Faces of Western Imperialism | |
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| Domestic Rebellion and the Devolution of Power to the Localities | |
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| Military Defeats and the Loss of Tributary States | |
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| The Cultural, Ideological, and Political Nature of Chinese Response to Civilizational Crisis | |
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| Building State and Nation Amid Cultural Revolution, 1901-28 | |
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| The "Revolutionary" Manchus | |
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| Militarization and Political Options | |
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| Social and Cultural Revolution | |
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| Nationalism and Its Proponents | |
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| Social Revolution: Alternatives for State and Nation, 1928-60 | |
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| Struggles to Reconstruct Chinese Society | |
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| The Ravages of Invasion and Civil War | |
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| The Years That Were Fat | |
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| Communization and Militarization | |
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| Economic Disasters and Miracles: 1960 to the Present--Whither State and Nation? | |
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| Cultural and Economic Catastrophe | |
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| Reform and Repression | |
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| State Decentralization and National Power | |
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| Social and Cultural Change | |
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| Compendium of Key Events, Terms, Institutions, and Figures | |
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| Major Events and Movements | |
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| Terms | |
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| Institutions and Organizations | |
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| Treaties and International Settlements | |
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| Emperors | |
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| Qing Dynasty Government Leaders | |
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| Leaders of Dissent, Rebellion, or Revolution | |
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| Nationalist Party (Guomindang/Kuomintang) Leaders | |
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| Communist Party (Gongchandang) Leaders | |
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| Military Figures | |
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| Intellectuals, Writers, and Artists | |
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| Resource Guide | |
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| Annotated Bibliography of Selected Works | |
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| General Works | |
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| Politics | |
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| Society | |
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| The Economy | |
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| The World of Culture and Thought | |
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| Relations with the Outside World | |
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| Documentaries and Feature Films | |
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| Electronic Resources | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Chronology of Key Events, 1780 to the Present | |
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| Documents | |
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| Letter of Commissioner Lin Zexu to Queen Victoria (1839) | |
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| The Taiping Plan for Reorganizing Chinese Society from The Land System of the Heavenly Dynasty (1853) | |
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| Memorial of Kang Youwei to the Guangxu Emperor (1898) | |
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| The Boxer Protocol (1901) | |
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| The Manifesto of the Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) (1905) | |
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| Chen Duxiu's "Call to Youth" from New Youth (1915) | |
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| The Three Principles of the People, Sun Yat-Sen (1924) | |
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| Fundamentals of National Reconstruction, Sun Yat-sen (1924) | |
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| Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan, Mao Zedong (1927) | |
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| The Jiangxi Soviet Land Law of 1932 | |
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| Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art, Mao Zedong (1942) | |
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| On the People's Democratic Dictatorship, Mao Zedong (1949) | |
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| The Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China (1950) | |
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| Decision of the Central Committee of the CCP Concerning the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966) | |
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| Big Character Poster, "Bombard the Headquarters," Mao Zedong (1966) | |
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| "Democracy or a New Dictatorship," Wei Jingsheng, published in Explorations (1979) | |
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| Proposals for the Reform of the Political Structure, Su Shaozhi (1986) | |
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| Wall poster, Beijing Spring (1989) | |
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| Main points of Deng Xiaoping's Talks in Shenzhen (1992) | |
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| Excerpt from Decision of Central Committee on Some Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic Structure (1993) | |
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| Major Party Congresses | |
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| Chinese Communist Party (CCP) | |
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| Guomindang (Nationalist Party) | |
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| Tables and Figures on Trends and Developments | |
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| Selected Development and Demographic Trends, 1950-90 | |
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| Regional Variation in Demographic Indicators | |
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| Ethnic Minorities with Populations Over Four Million | |
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| Basic Indicators for Greater China, 1995 | |
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| Indicators of Economic Development Level, 1952-90 | |
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| China's Trade with Selected Countries and Regions, 1970, 1979-85 | |
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| United States Trade with China, 1978-93 | |
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| United States Direct Foreign Investment in China, 1983-93 | |
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| Agricultural Performance, 1957-78 and 1978-84 | |
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| State Budgets with Reference to Defense and Other Expenditures, 1978-94 | |
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| Indicators of Social Development, 1952-90 | |
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| Number of Schools, 1952-91 | |
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| Number of Students, 1950-91 | |
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| Changes in Aspects of Freedom of Mate Choice, 1900-82 | |
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| Bride Age at First Marriage, 1900-82 | |
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| Groom Age at First Marriage, 1900-82 | |
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| Urban Residents' Income and Living Expenditures, 1995 | |
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| Urban Ownership of Household Appliances, 1995 | |
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| Index | |