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| Introduction | |
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| How to Use This Book | |
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| Syntactic View of Theories | |
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| Deductivism | |
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| Aristotle from Posterior Analytics and Physics | |
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| Ren� Descartes from Discourse on Method | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Inductivism | |
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| Francis Bacon from Novum Organum | |
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| Isaac Newton from Principia | |
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| John Stuart Mill from A System of Logic | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Hypothetico-Deductivism | |
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| William Whewell from Novum Organum Renovatum | |
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| Rudolf Carnap �Theoretical Procedures in Science� | |
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| R. B. Braithwaite from Scientific Explanation | |
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| Paradoxes of Evidence | |
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| David Hume from Enquiry | |
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| Nelson Goodman from Fact, Fiction, and Forecast | |
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| Carl G. Hempel from �Studies in the Logic of Confirmation� | |
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| Responses to the Paradoxes of Evidence | |
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| Falsificationism | |
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| Karl Popper from The Logic of Scientific Discovery | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Holistic View of Theories | |
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| Pierre Duhem from Aim and Structure of Physical Theory | |
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| Thomas Kuhn from The Structure of Scientific Revolutions | |
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| Imre Lakatos the Methodology of Research Programmes | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Semantic View of Theories | |
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| Marshall Spector �Models and Theories� | |
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| Max Black �Models and Archetypes� | |
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| Ronald Giere from Explaining Science | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Critical Views of Scientific Theories | |
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| Paul Feyerabend from Against Method | |
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| Ruth Hubbard �Science, Facts, and Feminism� | |
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| Bruno Latour �The Science Wars: A Dialogue� | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Closing Remarks | |
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| Deductivism Case Study Readings | |
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| Astronomy Aristotle, from On the Heavens | |
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| Physics Epicurus, from Letter to Herodotus | |
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| Chemistry Paracelsus, from Hermetic and Alchemical Writings | |
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| Genetics Aristotle, from On the Generation of Animals | |
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| Evolutionary Biology Aristotle, from On the Generation of Animals | |
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| Geology John Woodward, from An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth | |
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| Psychology Hippocrates, from The Nature of Man, The Sacred Disease | |
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| Sociology Thomas Hobbes, from Leviathan | |
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| Economics Aristotle, from Politics | |
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| Inductivism Case Study Readings | |
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| Astronomy Ptolemy, from Almagest | |
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| Physics James Clerk Maxwell, from �Molecules� | |
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| Chemistry Robert Boyle, from The Skeptical Chymist | |
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| Genetics Gregor Mendel, from Experiments in Plant Hybridization | |
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| Evolutionary Biology Carolus Linnaeus, from Systema Naturae | |
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| Geology James Hutton, from �System of the Earth� | |
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| Psychology Heinrich Weber, from �The Sense of Touch and the Common Feeling� | |
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| Sociology �mile Durkheim, from Suicide | |
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| Economics Fran�ois Quesnay , from �Farmers� | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |