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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Chapter Question: Why study country cases in comparative politics? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Comparative Politics | |
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| Why These Ten Countries? | |
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| Chapter Framework | |
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| Historical Overview | |
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| Early versus Late-forming States | |
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| Globalization and the State | |
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| Institutions | |
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| Democratic Regimes | |
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| Non-Democratic Regimes | |
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| Regime Change | |
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| Identities | |
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| Economic and Cultural Forms of Identity | |
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| Political-Identity Cleavages | |
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| The Sources of Political Identity | |
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| Interests | |
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| Social Movement | |
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| Interest Groups | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| The Contemporary Context | |
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| Political Violence | |
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| Political Economy | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| United Kingdom | |
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| Chapter Question: How did limited government emerge in a country without a written constitution? | |
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| Introduction to the United Kingdom | |
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| Historical Overview of the United Kingdom | |
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| The Establishment of the State | |
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| The Gradual Emergence of Limited Government | |
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| Twentieth-Century Developments | |
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| The Contemporary United Kingdom | |
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| Institutions of the United Kingdom | |
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| Institutions Promoting Effective Government | |
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| Factors Supporting Limited Government | |
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| Identities in the United Kingdom | |
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| Class Identity | |
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| Regional, Religious, and Ethnic Identities | |
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| Gender and Quality-of-Life Issues | |
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| Interests in the United Kingdom | |
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| Business and Labor in the Party System | |
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| "Policy Communities" in Britain | |
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| Civil Society and Social Movements in the United Kingdom | |
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| Mass Media | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Germany | |
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| Chapter Question: How did Germany overcome its tumultuous history and become a healthy democracy? | |
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| Introduction to Germany | |
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| Historical Overview of Germany | |
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| The Second Reich | |
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| The Weimar Republic | |
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| The Nazi Regime | |
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| The Postwar Era: Division and Reunification | |
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| Institutions of Germany | |
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| "Chancellor Democracy" | |
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| The Judiciary | |
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| Federalism | |
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| International Institutions | |
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| Identities in Germany | |
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| Pre-War Identities | |
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| Political Culture after WWII | |
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| Incorporating East Germany | |
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| Immigration and German Identity | |
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| Interests in Germany | |
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| The Postwar Settlement | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| Challenges to the German Model | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| France | |
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| Chapter Question: Why do French citizens engage in such frequent and dramatic forms of protest? | |
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| Introduction to France | |
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| Historical Overview of France | |
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| From the Middle Ages to the Ancien R�gime | |
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| The French Revolution and Its Aftermath | |
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| Regime Change in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Consolidating Democracy in the Twentieth Century | |
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| Institutions of France | |
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| Semi-Presidential Democracy and the Executive Branch | |
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| The Legislative Branch | |
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| The Judicial Branch | |
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| Electoral Institutions | |
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| Identities in France | |
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| Class Divisions | |
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| Nationalism and Its Challengers | |
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| Religious Identities versus La�cit� | |
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| Post-Materialist Identities | |
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| Interests in France | |
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| Interest Groups | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| The Interests of the State | |
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| Examples of Protest | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Japan | |
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| Chapter Question: How did a single political party dominate Japan's democracy for more than half a century? | |
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| Introduction to Japan | |
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| Historical Overview of Japan | |
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| The Tokugawa Era | |
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| The Meiji Era | |
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| Economic Growth and the Rise and Decline of Democracy before World War II | |
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| Rebuilding in the Postwar Era | |
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| The 1990s | |
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| The 2000s | |
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| Institutions of Japan | |
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| Unitarism | |
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| Parliamentarism | |
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| Electoral System | |
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| The Weak Judiciary | |
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| The Powerful Bureaucracy | |
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| Identities of Japan | |
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| Japanese Homogeneity | |
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| Class Identity | |
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| Status in Japan | |
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| Disadvantaged Position of Women | |
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| Interests in Japan | |
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| Postwar Interests | |
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| Environmental Interest Groups | |
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| Modern versus Traditional Interests | |
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| Koizumi's Reforms and the Fall of the LDP | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| India | |
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| Chapter Question: Why has democracy persisted in India despite its colonial legacies of ethnic and religious strife, and widespread poverty and illiteracy? | |
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| Introduction to India | |
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| Historical Overview of India | |
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| The Mughal Empire | |
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| The British Empire | |
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| The Difficult Legacy of Colonialism | |
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| Institutions of India | |
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| Federalism | |
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| Parliament | |
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| Civil-Military Relations | |
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| The Judiciary | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| Election Commission | |
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| Identities in India | |
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| Castes | |
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| Languages | |
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| Religion | |
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| The Changing Politics of Caste Identity | |
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| Interests in India | |
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| Ethnic and Minority Interests | |
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| Voters | |
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| Rural Interests | |
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| The Poor | |
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| Business Interests | |
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| Freedom of the Press and Mass Media | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Mexico | |
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| Chapter Question: Why is Mexico's democratic government unable to deal effectively with persistent poverty, corruption, and drug trafficking? | |
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| Introduction to Mexico | |
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| Historical Overview of Mexico | |
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| Colonial Mexico | |
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| Independent Mexico | |
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| The 1910 Revolution | |
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| The Establishment of One-Party Rule, 1917-1940 | |
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| PRI Hegemony: 1940-1970 | |
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| The Decline of the PRI: 1970-2000 | |
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| Institutions of Mexico | |
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| Executive-Legislative Relations | |
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| The Judiciary | |
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| Federalism | |
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| Electoral Institutions | |
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| Identities in Mexico | |
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| Forming National Identity under the PRI | |
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| Ethnicity Makes a Comeback | |
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| Political Cleavages and Electoral Behavior | |
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| Interests in Mexico | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| Social Movements | |
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| Interest Groups | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Russia | |
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| Chapter Question: Why has Russia failed to consolidate democracy, remaining in many ways an authoritarian regime? | |
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| Introduction to Russia | |
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| Historical Overview of Russia | |
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| Geography and the Formation of the Russian State | |
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| The Russian Revolution and the Rise of the USSR | |
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| Reform and the Collapse of the USSR | |
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| Institutions in Russia | |
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| Constitutional Crisis 1992-1993 | |
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| The Constitution: President, Prime Minister, and Parliament | |
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| Federalism | |
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| Elections | |
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| The "Tandemocracy" of President and Prime M inister | |
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| Identities in Russia | |
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| Ethnic Politics | |
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| Chechnya and the Politics of the Caucasus | |
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| Russian Nationalism | |
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| What Happened to Class Identity? | |
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| Religious Identity | |
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| Interests in Russia | |
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| Economic Reform, Economic Collapse, and the Rise of the "Oligarchs" | |
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| Putin, the Fall of the Oligarchs, and Business Interests | |
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| Labor | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| Social Movements | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Nigeria | |
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| Chapter Question: What factors account for Nigeria's poor economic and political performance since independence? | |
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| Introduction to Nigeria | |
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| Historical Overview of Nigeria | |
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| The Pre-Colonial Period: A Diverse Territory | |
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| Colonial Nigeria: Unequal Regional Development | |
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| Nigeria since Independence: Political and Economic Crisis | |
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| Institutions of Nigeria | |
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| Nigeria's Political Institutions in Theory | |
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| Nigeria's Political Institutions in Practice | |
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| A "Critically Weak" State | |
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| Oil Dependence and State Weakness | |
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| Identities in Nigeria | |
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| Ethnic Diversity: Is Nigeria Too Diverse to Govern? | |
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| Ethnicity, Oil, and Violent Conflict | |
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| Interests of Nigeria | |
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| Political Parties | |
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| Where Is the Working Class? | |
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| Economic Interest Groups | |
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| Ethno-Regional Groups | |
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| The Military | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| China | |
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| Chapter Question: How has China's authoritarian regime managed to build and consolidate state strength in just 60 years? | |
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| Introduction to China | |
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| Historical Overview of China | |
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| The Chinese Empire | |
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| The Chinese Republic | |
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| Consolidating the People's Republic of China | |
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| Mao's Attack on the State | |
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| The Emergence of the Contemporary PRC | |
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| Institutions of China | |
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| China's Elite Institutions | |
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| Local State Government | |
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| The Military | |
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| Identities in China | |
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| From Totalitarian to Authoritarian Identities | |
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| Nationalism as a Unifying Force | |
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| Ethnicity and Religion as Potentially Divisive Forces | |
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| Interests in China | |
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| State Organizations: The Case of the Military | |
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| Local Governments | |
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| The Media | |
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| Industrial and Professional Groups | |
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| Non-Governmental Organizations | |
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| Chinese Citizens | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Iran | |
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| Chapter Question: How does a dynamic civil society survive under repressive non-democratic governments in Iran? | |
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| Introduction to Iran | |
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| Historical Overview of Iran | |
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| Ancient Persia: From the Achaemenids to Sassanids | |
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| The Safavids and the Spread of Islam | |
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| Oil and the Rise of Nationalism in the Twentieth Century | |
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| The 1979 Iranian Revolution | |
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| Khatami and the Limits of Reform, 1997-2005 | |
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| Ahmadinejad and Conservative Reaction, 2005-Present | |
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| Institutions of Iran | |
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| Republican Institutions | |
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| Islamic Institutions | |
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| Identities of Iran | |
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| Pre-Islamic "Persian": Achaemenids to Sassanids | |
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| Ethnic Identities | |
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| Religious Identities | |
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| Social Classes | |
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| Post-Revolutionary "Hybrid" Identities | |
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| Women in the Vanguard | |
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| Interests in Iran | |
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| Military Interests | |
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| Political Interests | |
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| Organized Interests | |
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| Nuclear and Scientific Interests | |
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| Examples of Protest | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Credits | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Name Index | |