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| Preface for Students: Using This BookPreface for Instructors | |
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| The Writing Process | |
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| Assessing the Writing Situation | |
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| Understanding how writing happens | |
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| Analyzing the writing situation | |
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| Discovering and limiting a subject | |
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| Considering the audience | |
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| Defining a purpose | |
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| Developing and Shaping Ideas | |
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| Discovering ideas | |
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| Developing a thesis | |
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| Organizing ideasSample essay | |
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| Drafting and Revising | |
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| Writing the first draft | |
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| Revising the first draft | |
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| Examining a sample revision | |
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| Editing the revised draft | |
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| Preparing and proofreading the final draft | |
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| Examining a final draftSample essay | |
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| Giving and receiving comments | |
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| Preparing a writing portfolio | |
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| Writing and Revising Paragraphs | |
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| Maintaining paragraph unity | |
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| Achieving paragraph coherence | |
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| Developing the paragraph | |
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| Writing special kinds of paragraphs | |
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| Linking paragraphs in the essay | |
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| Designing Documents | |
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| Designing academic papers and other documents | |
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| Considering principles of design | |
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| Using the elements of design | |
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| Using illustrations | |
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| Considering readers with disabilities | |
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| Reading and Writing in College | |
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| Writing in Academic Situations | |
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| Becoming an academic writer | |
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| Analyzing audience | |
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| Determining purpose | |
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| Choosing structure and content | |
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| Using academic language | |
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| Studying Effectively and Taking Exams | |
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| Managing your time | |
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| Listening and taking notes in class | |
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| Reading for comprehension | |
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| Preparing for and taking examsSample essay exams | |
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| Forming a Critical Perspective | |
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| Thinking and reading critically | |
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| Viewing images critically | |
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| Writing criticallySample critique of a textSample critique of an image | |
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| Reading Arguments Critically | |
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| Recognizing the elements of argument | |
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| Testing claims | |
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| Weighing evidence | |
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| Discovering assumptions | |
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| Watching language, hearing tone | |
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| Judging reasonableness | |
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| Recognizing fallacies | |
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| Writing an Argument | |
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| Finding a subject | |
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| Conceiving a thesis statement | |
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| Analyzing your purpose and your audience | |
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| Using reason | |
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| Using evidence | |
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| Reaching your readers | |
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| Organizing your argument | |
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| Revising your argument | |
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| Examining a sample argument | |
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| Reading and Using Visual Arguments | |
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| Reading visual arguments critically | |
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| Using visual arguments effectively | |
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| Grammatical Sentences | |
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| Understanding Sentence Grammar | |
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| Understanding the basic sentence | |
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| Expanding the basic sentence with single words | |
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| Expanding the basic sentence with word groups | |
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| Compounding words, phrases, and clauses | |
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| Changing the usual order of the sentence | |
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| Classifying sentences | |
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| Case of Nouns and Pronouns | |
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| Compound subjects and complements | |
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| Compound objects | |
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| We or us with a noun | |
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| Appositives | |
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| Pronoun after than or as in a comparison | |
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| Subjects and objects of infinitives | |
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| Who vs. whom | |
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| Case before a gerund | |
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| VerbsVerb Forms | |
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| Regular and irregular verbs | |
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| Sit and set; lie and lay; rise and raise | |
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| Omitted -s and -ed endings | |
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| Helping verbs | |
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| Verb plus gerund or infinitive | |
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| Verb plus particleTense | |
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| Appropriate tense for meaning | |
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| Sequence of tensesMood | |
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| Subjunctive | |