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Preface | |
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Assessing Websites | |
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The Maltreatment of Children from a Historical Perspective | |
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Children as Property | |
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Issues of Life and Death | |
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Issues of Dependence | |
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Issues of Discipline | |
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Child Labor | |
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Sexual Values, Attitudes, and Exploitation | |
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Early History | |
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The Nineteenth Century | |
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The Twentieth Century | |
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The Incest Taboo | |
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History | |
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Reasons for Taboo | |
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Legal and Social Prohibition | |
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Recent History of Helping the Abused and Neglected Child | |
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Further Efforts on Behalf of Children | |
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Professional Awareness and Response to the Movement to Protect Children and Families | |
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Child Protection Today | |
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Current Framework | |
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The Role of Child Protective Services | |
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Child Rearing, Maltreatment, and Public Opinion | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Endnotes | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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The Family: Roles, Responsibilities, and Rights | |
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The Definition and Function of the Family | |
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The Family as a System | |
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Subsystems and Boundaries | |
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Roles | |
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Communication | |
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Bonding and Attachment | |
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Rituals | |
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Minority Family Systems | |
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African American Families | |
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Hispanic American Families | |
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Asian and Pacific Island Families | |
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Native American Families | |
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Family Problems and Dysfunction | |
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The Family and Child Maltreatment | |
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Parents' Rights | |
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Children's Rights | |
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Impact on the Child Protection Movement | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Maltreatment and the Developing Child | |
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Developmental Stages | |
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Pregnancy and Birth | |
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Birth to One Year | |
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One to Four Years | |
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Four to Eight Years | |
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Eight to Twelve Years | |
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Adolescence | |
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Development, Maltreatment and Resiliency | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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The Neglect of Children | |
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The Neglect of the Concept of Neglect | |
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Definition and Measurement of Neglect | |
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Causes of Neglect | |
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Economic Causes | |
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Ecological Causes | |
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Societal Causes | |
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Individual Causes | |
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Problems in Intervention | |
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Neglected Children | |
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Symptoms and Effects of Neglect | |
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Neglectful Parents | |
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Efforts to Explain the Behavior of Neglectful Parents | |
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Substance-Abusing Families | |
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Domestic Violence and Neglect | |
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Plight of the Parent and the Social Worker | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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The Physical Abuse of Children | |
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Causes of Physical Abuse | |
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Interactional Variables | |
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Environmental/Life Stress Variables | |
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Social/Cultural/Economic Variables | |
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Risk Assessment and Physical Abuse | |
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Child Risk Factors | |
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Parental Risk Factors | |
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Family System Risk Factors | |
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Symptoms of Physical Abuse | |
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Physical Symptoms | |
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Behavioral Indications of Abuse | |
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Abusive Parents | |
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Parents' Unlearned Tasks from Childhood | |
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Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | |
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Abusive Parents and Adolescents | |
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Domestic Violence and Other Abuse within the Family | |
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Domestic Violence | |
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Abuse by Siblings | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Endnote | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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The Sexual Abuse of Children | |
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Two Groups' Approaches to Child Sexual Abuse | |
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Child Protection Movement | |
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Feminist Movement | |
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Definition of Child Sexual Abuse | |
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Types of Sexual Abuse | |
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Intrafamilial Abuse | |
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Extrafamilial Abuse | |
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The Progression of Sexual Abuse | |
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Engagement Phases | |
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Sexual Interaction and Secrecy Phases | |
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Disclosure Phase | |
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Suppression Phase | |
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Incidence of Sexual Abuse | |
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Studies of Abuse | |
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Influence of Reporting on Statistics | |
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False Allegations Movement | |
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Profile of the Abused Child | |
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Children at Risk | |
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Female Victims | |
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Male Victims | |
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Degree of Trauma | |
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Profile of the Perpetrator | |
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Multifactor Theories | |
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Single-Factor Theories | |
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Process Models | |
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Who Become Perpetrators? | |
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Female Abusers | |
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Juvenile Sexual Offenders | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Incest: Familial Abuse | |
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Incest as a Problem Today | |
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Societal Contributions to Incest | |
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Father-Daughter Incest | |
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Family Patterns | |
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Profiles of the Family | |
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Father-Son Incest | |
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Family Dynamics | |
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Effects of Father-Son Incest | |
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Mother-Daughter Incest | |
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Family Dynamics | |
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Effects of Mother-Daughter Incest | |
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Mother-Son Incest | |
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Family Dynamics | |
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Effects of Mother-Son Incest | |
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Brother-Sister Incest | |
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Family Dynamics | |
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Effects of Brother-Sister Incest | |
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Homosexual Sibling Incest | |
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Incest with Uncles, Grandfathers, and Cousins | |
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Why Incest Stops | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Extrafamilial Sexual Abuse, Misuse, and Exploitation | |
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Dynamics and Characteristics of Sexual Abuse outside the Family | |
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Pedophilia | |
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Pederasty | |
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Technophilia | |
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Sexual Abuse by Clergy | |
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Motivation of Perpetrators | |
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Crisis in the Catholic Church | |
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Impact on Victims | |
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Addressing Clerical Perpetrators | |
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Sexual Abuse in Day-Care Settings | |
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Types of Day-Care Abuse | |
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Reactions and Resulting Changes | |
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Sex Rings | |
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Child Pornography | |
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Child Prostitution | |
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Profiles of Prostitutes | |
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Missing Children | |
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Summary | |
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Endnote | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Psychological Maltreatment of Children | |
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Psychological Maltreatment Defined | |
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The Roots of Psychological Maltreatment | |
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Characteristics of the Psychologically Maltreated Child | |
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Family Dynamics | |
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Difficulty in Detecting and Treating Psychological Abuse | |
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Ritualistic Abuse | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Intervention: Reporting and Investigation | |
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Culturally Sensitive Intervention | |
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The Intervention Process | |
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Reporting | |
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Investigating and Validating | |
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Home Visiting | |
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Assessing Risk and Protective Factors | |
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Children | |
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Caregivers | |
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Perpetrators | |
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Incidence and Environment | |
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Assessing Causes and Services | |
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Handling Emergencies | |
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Assessment Interviewing | |
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Interviewing Adults | |
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Interviewing Children | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Intervention: Case Management and Roles of Other Professionals | |
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Case Management Considerations | |
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Family Reactions | |
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Custody of the Children | |
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Other Professionals Involved in the Intervention Process | |
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The Medical Team | |
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The Legal Team | |
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The Educational Team | |
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The Mental Health Team | |
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The Community | |
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Clergy and Church Staff | |
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Toward a Total Team Approach | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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The Legal Response to Child Abuse and Neglect | |
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The Legal Rights of Parents and Children | |
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Types of Court Intervention | |
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Juvenile Court | |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Juvenile Court | |
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Criminal Court | |
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The Impact of Court on Children | |
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Sex Offender Registration | |
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The Media and the Court | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Endnote | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Treatment: Physical Abuse and Neglect | |
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Preparing to Provide Treatment | |
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Providing Treatment | |
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Client Resistance | |
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Client Response | |
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Eligibility Criteria | |
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Limited Community Resources | |
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Treatment Methods | |
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Who Provides Treatment? | |
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Phases | |
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Family-Centered Services | |
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Shared Family Care | |
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Treatment of Physically Abusive Families | |
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Treatment of the Abused Child | |
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Treatment of the Parents | |
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Improving Parent-Child Relationships | |
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Treatment of the Siblings | |
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Treatment of Neglectful Families | |
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Equilibrium Maintenance | |
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Disequilibrium Techniques | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Treatment: Sexual Abuse | |
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Issues Surrounding Treatment | |
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Assumptions about the Treatment of the Sexually Abusive Family | |
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Treatment Models | |
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Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Programs | |
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Treatment Methods | |
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Issues Addressed in Family Treatment | |
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Phases of Treatment | |
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Treatment of Specific Family Members | |
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The Child and Adolescent | |
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The Mother or Nonabusing Parent | |
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The Perpetrator | |
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Treatment of Juvenile Offenders | |
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Preservation of Incestuous Families | |
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Parents of Children Abused Outside the Home | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Foster Care as a Therapeutic Tool | |
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Problems with Foster Care | |
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Alternatives to Foster Care | |
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Therapeutic Potential in Foster Care | |
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The Role and Importance of the Natural Parents | |
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The Role of Foster Parents | |
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Other Placement for Abused or Neglected Children | |
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Residential Treatment | |
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Adoptive Placement | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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The Social Worker and the System | |
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A Day in the Life of a Protective Worker | |
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The Role of a Protective Social Worker | |
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Qualifications and Skills | |
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Personal Traits | |
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Responsibilities | |
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Frustrations and Pressures | |
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Does the System Work? | |
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Looking toward the Future | |
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Surviving in an Imperfect System | |
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Developing Cultural Awareness and Competence | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Adults Abused as Children | |
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Society's Misconceptions | |
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Myth #1 | |
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Myth #2 | |
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Myth #3 | |
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Reasons for Adults' Disclosure | |
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Relationships | |
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Pressures of Adulthood | |
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Loss, Depression, or Trauma | |
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Residual Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect | |
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Effects from the Neglecting Family | |
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Trust | |
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Anger | |
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Relational Imbalances | |
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Low Self-Esteem | |
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Impaired Social Skills | |
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Substance Abuse | |
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Physical Problems | |
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Effects from the Physically Abusing Family | |
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Trust | |
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Anger | |
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Relational Imbalances | |
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Low Self-Esteem | |
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Coping Skills | |
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Long-Term Effects of Domestic Violence | |
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Effects from a Sexually Abusing Family | |
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Betrayal | |
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Traumatic Sexualization | |
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Stigmatization and Self-Esteem | |
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Powerlessness | |
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Anger | |
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Relational Imbalances | |
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Multiple Victimization | |
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Effects from Extrafamilial Abuse | |
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A Word about Resiliency | |
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Treatment of Adults Who Were Abused as Children | |
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Repressed Memories | |
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Individual Therapy | |
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Group Therapy | |
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Self-Help Groups | |
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Writers' Groups | |
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Legal Actions | |
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Therapist's Responses to Working with Survivors | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Prevention | |
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Child Empowerment Models | |
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Prevention Efforts in Schools | |
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Life Skills Training | |
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Preparation for Parenthood | |
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Self-Protection Training | |
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Educational Services for the Community | |
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Help for At-Risk Families | |
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Parent Education Models | |
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Evaluating Home Visitation Programs | |
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Parent/Child Screening and Prevention | |
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Cuturally Sensitive Prevention | |
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Prevention Efforts by Professionals | |
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Prevention Efforts within the Community and Nationally | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |
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Toward a Better Tomorrow | |
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Society, Change, and Child Protection | |
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Rethinking Child Protection | |
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Creating a Unified Response | |
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Looking within, between, and beyond Agencies | |
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Changes in Society | |
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Reversing the Trend toward Socially Impoverished Families | |
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Supporting Parenting | |
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Realigning Societal Values | |
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Facing the Future | |
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Research Needs | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Web Exploration | |
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References | |