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Preface | |
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Selection, Recruitment, and Training | |
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Recruitment and Selection | |
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The Traditional Approach | |
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The First Fifty Years of Professional Policing | |
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Reforming the Police: Recruitment and Selection as a First Step | |
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The Emergence of Selection Procedures: Elements of a Standard Process | |
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Current Issues and Controversies | |
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Recruitment | |
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Basic Requirements | |
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Selection Tests | |
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Other Current Issues in Recruitment and Selection | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: The Challenge of Police Recruitment | |
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Training the Police | |
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Craft Versus Profession | |
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Policing as a Craft | |
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Policing as a Profession | |
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Finding the Middle Ground: Reducing the Gap between the Academy and the Street | |
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The Need for Training and Education | |
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Police Academy Training | |
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Historical Perspective | |
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The Traditional Academy Model | |
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Shortcomings of the Traditional Academy Training | |
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Field Training Officer Programs | |
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The San Jose Model | |
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The Benefits of an FTO Program | |
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Performance Evaluation of Rookies | |
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Selecting the Field Training Officers | |
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An Example of an FTO Program | |
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In-Service Training | |
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Specialized Training | |
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Management Training | |
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Current Issues | |
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Changing the Traditional Police Academy Pedagogy: Andragogy | |
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Training in Community/Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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Multicultural/Diversity Training | |
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Stress Management Training | |
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Domestic Violence Training | |
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Training in Handling the Mentally Ill | |
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Training in Communication and Writing | |
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Technology and Training | |
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Counterterrorism Training | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: Police Training in America | |
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New Philosophies and Strategies | |
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Developing the Professional Policing Model | |
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The Origins of Professional Policing: Sir Robert Peel and the Metropolitan London Police | |
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The Impetus for Change in London | |
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Sir Robert Peel and the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 | |
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The Need for Development of Professional Policing in the United States | |
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U.S. Policing in the Nineteenth Century | |
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Who Became Police Officers and How Did They Get the Job? | |
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The Activities of the Nineteenth-Century U.S. Police Officer | |
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Corruption and Brutality | |
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Reforming the Police | |
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A First Attempt at Reform | |
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A Second Effort at Police Reform | |
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Cracks in the Foundation of the Professional Police Model | |
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A Partial Success | |
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Signs of Trouble: Prohibition and the Wickersham Commission | |
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The Police Subculture and the Working Personality | |
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The 1950s and 1960s: National Crisis and the Police | |
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The Research Revolution | |
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Fallout from the 1960s: Policing Comes Full Circle | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: Populism, Politics, and the Struggle for Police Professionalism in the United States | |
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New Policing Philosophies and Strategies | |
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Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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Theoretical Foundations | |
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The Basic Elements of Problem-Oriented Policing: The SARA Model | |
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Characteristics of the Problem-Oriented Police Department | |
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Diffusion: How Widespread Is Problem-Oriented Policing? | |
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Research on the Effectiveness of Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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Limitations and Questions | |
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Community-Oriented Policing | |
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Theoretical Foundations | |
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Core Features of Community Policing | |
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Diffusion | |
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Research on the Effectiveness of Community Policing | |
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Limitations and Questions | |
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Compstat | |
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Background | |
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The Stages of CompStat | |
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The Six Core Components | |
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Diffusion and Impact of CompStat | |
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Zero Tolerance Policing | |
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The Principles of Zero Tolerance Policing | |
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The Impact of Zero Tolerance Policing | |
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Cop, Pop, Compstat, and Zero Tolerance: Similarities and Differences | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: The Brooklyn North Neighborhood Safety Project | |
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Police Management and Operations | |
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The Police Organization | |
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The Police Bureaucracy | |
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Bureaucracy and the Police | |
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The Quasi-Military Style of Policing | |
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Civil Service | |
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Police Unions | |
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Function and Structure of the Police Organization | |
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Functions of the Police | |
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Structure of the Police Organization | |
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Supervision and Leadership | |
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Current Issues in Police Management and Organization | |
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Alternative Organizational Methods | |
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Manpower and Resource Shortages | |
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Militarization of the Police | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: Restructuring of the City of Paterson, New Jersey, Police Department | |
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Police Field Work | |
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Police and the Law | |
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Key Legal Principles and Issues from the Bill of Rights: Search, Seizure, and Arrest | |
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Current Issues and Controversies Involving the Law | |
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Discretion and Decision Making | |
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Defining and Discovering Discretion | |
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The Context of Police Decision Making | |
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The Factors that Influence Police Decisions | |
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Understanding the Complexity of Police Decision Making | |
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Building on What We Know: Increasing the Rationality of Police Decision Making | |
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New (and Some Old) Crime Problems | |
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Drugs and Gangs | |
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Policing Domestic Violence | |
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Police and the Mentally Ill | |
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Identity Theft and Computer Crime | |
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Terrorism | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: The Police and Sex Offenders | |
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Measuring Police Performance | |
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The Unclear Police Mandate | |
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Traditional Measures of Police Performance | |
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The Numbers Game | |
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Summary | |
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New Measures of Police Performance | |
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At the Department Level | |
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At the Individual Officer Level | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Practitioner's Perspective: Measuring Police Officer Performance in the NYPD | |
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Police Misconduct and Accountability | |
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Police Misconduct | |
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Defining and Measuring Police Misconduct | |
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Police Crime | |
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Occupational Deviance | |
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Corruption | |
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Abuse of Authority | |
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U.S. Policing and Misconduct: History, Prevalence, and Consequences | |
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The History of U.S. Policing and Misconduct | |
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How Prevalent Is Police Misconduct Today? | |
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The Consequences of Police Misconduct | |
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Theoretical Frameworks for Understanding Police Misconduct | |
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The Rotten Apple Theory | |
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Structural Explanations | |
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The Persistent Problems for Police | |
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Abuse of Authority | |
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Corruption | |
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Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: Police Pursuit: Policies and Training | |
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Police Accountability: Internal Mechanisms | |
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Internal Control Mechanisms | |
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Careful Recruitment and Selection of Personnel | |
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Police Training | |
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Supervision | |
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Administrative Guidance | |
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Internal Affairs | |
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Integrity Tests | |
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Early Warning Systems | |
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Accreditation | |
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Changing the Subculture | |
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The Central Role of the Chief | |
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Police Field Work | |
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Measuring Police Performance | |
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Police Deviance and Responding to It | |
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Technology | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Scholar's Perspective: COPS and CSI: Reality Television? | |
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Index | |