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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: The Nature of Communication | |
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| The Nature of Communication | |
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| Nonhuman and Human Communication Compared | |
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| Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Controlled Environments | |
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| Skepticism over Ape Language Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| End of Chapter Questions | |
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| The Phonological Component: Phonetics | |
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| Articulatory Phonetics | |
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| Consonants and Vowels | |
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| Syllables and Syllabic Consonants | |
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| Suprasegmentals | |
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| Connected Speech | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| End of Chapter Exercises | |
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| The Phonological Component: Phonology | |
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| The Phoneme and the Concept of Significant Differences in Sounds | |
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| Distinctive Feature Analysis | |
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| Phonological Processes | |
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| The Continuous and Complex Nature of Speech, Revised | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| End of Chapter Exercises | |
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| The Morphological Component | |
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| The Morpheme | |
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| Morphological Typology | |
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| How New Words Are Coined | |
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| Parts of Speech | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| End of Chapter Exercises | |
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| Syntax | |
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| Syntactic Construction | |
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| Subconscious Knowledge | |
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| The Constituent Structure of Sentences | |
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| Phrase Structure Rules | |
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| Transformational Rules | |
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| Optional and Obligatory Transformations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| Semantics and Pragmatics | |
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| The Meaning of Words: Lexical Semantics | |
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| The -Nyms | |
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| Other Kinds of Meaning: Structural Semantics | |
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| Pragmatics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| Fieldwork Project | |
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| Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Anthropology | |
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| Regional Dialects | |
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| African American English | |
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| Hispanic English | |
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| Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles | |
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| Situational Dialects or Registers | |
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| Gender and Language | |
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| Linguistic Anthropology | |
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| Language and Nationalism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| Language Acquisition | |
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| Language and the Brain | |
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| Ideas about Language Acquisition | |
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| How Do Children Acquire the Components of Language? | |
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| Language Socialization: Three Examples | |
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| The Acquisition of Sign Language | |
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| Bilingualism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| Sign Language | |
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| The Nature of Sign Language | |
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| What Is ASL? | |
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| Nicaraguan Sign Language: The Birth of a New Language | |
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| Social Dimensions of Sign Language | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| End of Chapter Exercises | |
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| Writing Systems | |
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| Writing Is Secondary to Speech and Sign Language | |
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| Types of Writing Systems | |
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| The History of Writing | |
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| The Printing Press | |
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| A Few Words about Computers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| End of Chapter Exercises | |
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| Nonverbal Communication | |
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| What Does "Nonverbal" Mean? | |
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| Kinesic Behavior | |
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| Affect Displays | |
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| The Eyes Have It | |
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| Physical Appearance | |
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| Touching (Tactile) Behavior | |
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| Paralanguage | |
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| Proxemics | |
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| The Physical Environment | |
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| "How-To" Books: A Word of Caution | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| End of Chapter Exercises | |
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| Historical Linguistics | |
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| The Relationships between Languages | |
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| Types of Language Change | |
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| How Long Does It Take a Language to Change? | |
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| Disappearing, Reappearing, and Emerging Languages | |
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| The Spread of Englishes | |
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| New Jargons | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Suggested Websites | |
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| Review of Terms and Concepts | |
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| Answers to Reviews of Terms and Concepts | |
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| Answers to Selected Exercises | |
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| Fieldwork Exercises | |
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| Index | |