| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Foundations of Arguments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Values and Ethics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reality of assumptions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inductive arguments: Statistical and causal generalizations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inductive generalizations: Controlled studies and analogies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reasoning errors | |
| |
| |
| |
| The power of language | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suggestion in media | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fair-mindedness | |
| |
| |
| |
| Persuasive speaking | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Foundations of Arguments | |
| |
| |
| Who Is a Critical Thinker and When Do You Need to Be One? | |
| |
| |
| The Structure of Argument | |
| |
| |
| Individual or Class Exercise: Making a Decision | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| "Educational Ticket" | |
| |
| |
| "War on Drugs Fails: We Need New Approach" | |
| |
| |
| "Drugged Driving" | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "16-Year-Old Sailor Was Already Off Course" | |
| |
| |
| "LeBron James' Decision a Cruel Blow to His Hometown" | |
| |
| |
| "Roundup: NBA Team Owner Backs LeBron James' Decision" | |
| |
| |
| "Onstage and Backstage: Two Jobs. One Actor. What Do You Choose?" | |
| |
| |
| "Talk-Show Host Angers Disabled Community" | |
| |
| |
| "Radio Show on Rights of Disabled Defended" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| "The Road Not Taken" | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Similar Films and Classics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Values and Ethics | |
| |
| |
| What Price Ethics and Can You Afford Not to Pay? | |
| |
| |
| Value Assumptions And Conflicts | |
| |
| |
| Class Exercise | |
| |
| |
| Ethics--An Important Dimension Of Values | |
| |
| |
| Ideal Values Versus Real Values | |
| |
| |
| Ethics In Argumentation | |
| |
| |
| Ethical Decision Making | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| " Salvation Army Turns Down $100,000 Donation" | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "You Make the Call: Is It Goo Baseball Strategy or a Weak Attempt to Win?" | |
| |
| |
| "Staffer Gets Subpoenaed" | |
| |
| |
| "National Public Radio" | |
| |
| |
| "Schools' Peanut Bans Spark Backlash" | |
| |
| |
| "Texas College Admissions Law Under Fire: Kids in Top 10% Get in Automatically" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Similar Films and Classics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reality of assumptions | |
| |
| |
| It's Eleven O'Clock. Do You Know Where Your Assumptions Are? | |
| |
| |
| Reality Assumptions | |
| |
| |
| Detecting Reality Assumptions | |
| |
| |
| The Importance Of Examining Assumptions | |
| |
| |
| Deductive Reasoning | |
| |
| |
| Using Toulmin's Method To Understand Deduction | |
| |
| |
| The Uses Of Deductive Reasoning | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "Forget What You Know About Good Study Habits" | |
| |
| |
| "Can Blacks Be Racist?" | |
| |
| |
| "Wasted Food, Discovered Souls" | |
| |
| |
| "Bearer of Bad News" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Similar Films and Classics | |
| |
| |
| Television Shows for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inductive arguments: Statistical and causal generalizations | |
| |
| |
| Prove It to Me-What Are the Statistics? | |
| |
| |
| Inductive Reasoning | |
| |
| |
| Statistical Evidence | |
| |
| |
| The Many Uses Of Statistics | |
| |
| |
| How The Research Is Done | |
| |
| |
| Checklist For Polls And Statistical Studies | |
| |
| |
| Using Surveys As Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Statistical Generalizations | |
| |
| |
| The Reporting Of Statistical Studies: Truths, Half-Truths, And Distortions | |
| |
| |
| Causal Generalizations | |
| |
| |
| Hume's Conditions For Cause And Effect | |
| |
| |
| Technical Causation | |
| |
| |
| Multiple Causes | |
| |
| |
| Mill'S Analysis Of Cause And Effect | |
| |
| |
| Using Difference And Similarity Together To Determine Cause | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| "What Are the Risk Factors for Breast Cancer?" | |
| |
| |
| "Multiple Causes of Suicide" | |
| |
| |
| "Self-Segregation" | |
| |
| |
| "Why Do People Start to Smoke?" | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "The Meth Epidemic" | |
| |
| |
| "Understanding Facebook Addiction: Why Is Social Networking So Addictive? How Did We Get Addicted? | |
| |
| |
| "ISU Researcher Studies Consequences of 'Hooking Up'" | |
| |
| |
| "Drugs, Gangs on the Rise in Schools: Survey Shows Increase in Gang Activity and Drug Use in Nation's Schools" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Longer-Term Writing Assignment | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Similar Films and Classics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inductive generalizations: Controlled studies and analogies | |
| |
| |
| Who Said So? And Who Are They Anyway? | |
| |
| |
| Research Design | |
| |
| |
| Criteria For Evaluating Research Findings | |
| |
| |
| Controversy In Research Findings | |
| |
| |
| Checklist For Making, Evaluating, Repairing, And Refuting Arguments | |
| |
| |
| Use Of Authority: Expert Testimony | |
| |
| |
| Problems With Expert Testimony | |
| |
| |
| Reasoning By Analogy | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "Food News Blues" | |
| |
| |
| "$27 Million to Change NYC Signs from All-Caps" | |
| |
| |
| "Could a Pill Help Fade Traumatic Memories?" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Similar Film Classics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reasoning errors | |
| |
| |
| I Know What I Think-Don't Confuse Me with Facts | |
| |
| |
| Inadequate Reasons As Fallacies | |
| |
| |
| Fallacies That Mislead | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "Ashamed of Strug's Sacrifice" | |
| |
| |
| "Kerri Strug Made Reader Cheer" | |
| |
| |
| "Keep Women Off the Streets" | |
| |
| |
| "E-mail Chain Letters Deceive" | |
| |
| |
| " Sunday Times Reveals Some Eco-Celeb Shame" | |
| |
| |
| "Rwanda Is So Hot Right Now" | |
| |
| |
| "On Comparing Global Warming Denial to Holocaust Denial" | |
| |
| |
| "Does Facebook Make You Dumber? Study Shows Users of Social Networking Site Get Lower Grades" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The power of language | |
| |
| |
| What's in a Name? | |
| |
| |
| Denotation And Connotation | |
| |
| |
| The Power Of Connotation | |
| |
| |
| Reification: When Words Take On More Power Than Reality | |
| |
| |
| Meanings Are In People | |
| |
| |
| The Problem Of Vagueness | |
| |
| |
| Ambiguity In Language | |
| |
| |
| Doublespeak, Including Weasel Words | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "What's in a Name?" | |
| |
| |
| "Race-Based Team Names Not Tolerated in Wisconsin" | |
| |
| |
| "Jennifer Aniston, The R-Word and the Aftermath" | |
| |
| |
| "Weasel Words Rip My Flesh!" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suggestion in media | |
| |
| |
| Is What You See What You Get? Do You Really Want It? | |
| |
| |
| Suggestion In Daily Life | |
| |
| |
| Televised Suggestion | |
| |
| |
| Suggestion In Print Media | |
| |
| |
| The Power Of Media To Shape Information | |
| |
| |
| A Bag Of Marketing And Advertising Tricks | |
| |
| |
| Storytelling As Persuasion | |
| |
| |
| Citizens, Consumers, And Relationships In An Age Of Technology | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "U.S. Mayor Uses Twitter to Help Snowbound" | |
| |
| |
| "Scents and Sensibility" | |
| |
| |
| "Five Fake Viral Video Campaigns: Great Gimmicks or Bad for Business?" | |
| |
| |
| "The Tyranny of E-Mail" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Similar Films and Classics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fair-mindedness | |
| |
| |
| It's You and Me, Kid, and I'm Not So Sure About You | |
| |
| |
| How We Defend Our Egos | |
| |
| |
| Conformity And Ways To Overcome It | |
| |
| |
| Emotional Reasoning And Rational Responses | |
| |
| |
| Ways To Deal With Emotional Reasoning | |
| |
| |
| Points Of Logical Vulnerability | |
| |
| |
| Actively And Accurately Listening: Developing Empathy | |
| |
| |
| The Art Of Listening Well | |
| |
| |
| Precautions About Active Listening | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "Excerpts from How Doctors Think" | |
| |
| |
| "Create Your Own Path" | |
| |
| |
| "The Lock: They Argue and I Argue Back. But I Never Seem to Win. The Key: Listen-Just Listen, and You'll Start to Win." | |
| |
| |
| "It Happened" | |
| |
| |
| "For Women Only-What You Need to Know About the Inner Lives of Men" | |
| |
| |
| "Breakfast and Tousled Cornrows" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Similar Films and Classics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Persuasive speaking | |
| |
| |
| What's Your Point? How Do You Sharpen It? | |
| |
| |
| Being An Advocate Of Ideas: Communicating Publicly | |
| |
| |
| The Best Ways To Deal With Speech Fear | |
| |
| |
| Audience Analysis | |
| |
| |
| The Three Elements Of A Persuasive Argument: Ethos, Logos, And Pathos | |
| |
| |
| Problem Solving And Collaborative Decision Making | |
| |
| |
| The Problem-Solving Method | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Review | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Checkup | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Articles for Discussion | |
| |
| |
| "Don't Be Shy" | |
| |
| |
| "The Gettysburg Address" | |
| |
| |
| Ideas for Writing or Speaking | |
| |
| |
| Films for Analysis and Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |