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| Introduction | |
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| Bentham to Nietzsche | |
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| Bentham's Utilitarianism | |
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| The Development of John Stuart Mill | |
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| Schopenhauer's Philosophy of the Will | |
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| Ethics and Religion in Kierkegaard | |
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| Dialectical Materialism | |
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| Darwin and Natural Selection | |
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| John Henry Newman | |
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| Nietzsche | |
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| Peirce to Strawson | |
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| C. S. Peirce and Pragmatism | |
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| The Logicism of Frege | |
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| Psychology and Pragmatism in William James | |
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| British Idealism and its Critics | |
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| Russell on Mathematics, Logic, and Language | |
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| Wittgenstein's Tractatus | |
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| Logical Positivism | |
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| Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy | |
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| Analytic Philosophy after Wittgenstein | |
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| Freud to Derrida | |
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| Freud and Psychoanalysis | |
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| Husserl's Phenomenology | |
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| The Existentialism of Heidegger | |
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| The Existentialism of Sartre | |
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| Jacques Derrida | |
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| Logic | |
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| Mill's Empiricist Logic | |
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| Frege's Refoundation of Logic | |
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| Induction and Abduction in Peirce | |
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| The Saga of Principia Mathematica | |
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| Modern Modal Logic | |
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| Language | |
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| Frege on Sense and Reference | |
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| The Pragmatists on Language and Truth | |
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| Russell's Theory of Descriptions | |
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| The Picture Theory of the Proposition | |
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| Language-Games and Private Languages | |
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| Epistemology | |
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| Two Eloquent Empiricists | |
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| Peirce on the Methods of Science | |
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| Frege on Logic, Psychology, and Epistemology | |
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| Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description | |
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| Husserl's Epoche | |
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| Wittgenstein on Certainty | |
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| Metaphysics | |
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| Varieties of Idealism | |
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| Metaphysics and Teleology | |
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| Realism vs. Nominalism | |
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| First, Second, and Third in Peirce | |
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| The Metaphysics of Logical Atomism | |
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| Bad and Good Metaphysics | |
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| Philosophy of Mind | |
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| Bentham on Intention and Motive | |
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| Reason, Understanding, and Will | |
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| Experimental vs. Philosophical Psychology | |
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| The Freudian Unconscious | |
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| Philosophical Psychology in the Tractatus | |
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| Intentionality | |
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| Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy of Mind | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Greatest Happiness of the Greatest Number | |
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| Modifications of Utilitarianism | |
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| Schopenhauer on Renunciation | |
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| The Moral Ascent in Kierkegaard | |
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| Nietzsche and the Transvaluation of Values | |
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| Analytic Ethics | |
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| Aesthetics | |
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| The Beautiful and the Sublime | |
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| The Aesthetics of Schopenhauer | |
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| Kierkegaard on Music | |
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| Nietzsche on Tragedy | |
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| Art and Morality | |
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| Art for Art's Sake | |
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| Political Philosophy | |
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| Utilitarianism and Liberalism | |
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| Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer on Women | |
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| Marx on Capital and Labour | |
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| Closed and Open Societies | |
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| God | |
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| Faith vs. Alienation | |
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| The Theism of John Stuart Mill | |
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| Creation and Evolution | |
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| Newman's Philosophy of Religion | |
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| The Death of God and the Survival of Religion | |
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| Freud on Religious Illusion | |
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| Philosophical Theology after Wittgenstein | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Abbreviations and Conventions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Index | |