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Preface | |
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List of Exhibits | |
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List of Figures | |
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List of Tables | |
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List of Abbreviations | |
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List of Contributors | |
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Table of Cases | |
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Editors' Note | |
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The EU's Institutions: An Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Why study institutions? | |
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Why study the EU's institutions? | |
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'Frustration without disintegration'-the persistence of the EU system | |
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Conclusion | |
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Institutional Change in the EU | |
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Introduction | |
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The four phases of institutional development | |
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The foundations | |
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The consolidation of the Community model | |
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The 'relaunch': institutional change through task extension | |
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Adjusting the institutional system | |
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What would the Constitutional Treaty have changed? | |
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The dynamics of institutional change | |
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The weight of interests | |
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The role of institutions | |
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When do ideas matter? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Providing Direction | |
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The European Council | |
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Introduction | |
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Origins | |
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Composition | |
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Proceedings | |
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Special meetings | |
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Legal nature and characteristics | |
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Functions | |
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Strategic guidelines | |
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Decision-making | |
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Open method of coordination | |
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Foreign policy | |
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Amending the treaties | |
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Simplified Treaty revision | |
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Strengths and weaknesses | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Council of Ministers | |
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Introduction | |
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The origins of the Council | |
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The Council hierarchy | |
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The ministers | |
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The preparatory bodies | |
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The Presidency | |
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The Council Secretariat | |
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What does the Council do? | |
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Formal and informal powers | |
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Coordinating the work of the Council | |
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Exerting influence in the Council | |
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Dealing with the other institutions | |
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The Council and EP | |
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The Council and Commission | |
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The Council and accountability | |
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The Council in context | |
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The Council and the larger 'EU system' | |
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Coping with enlargement | |
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Theorizing the Council | |
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The College of Commissioners | |
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Introduction | |
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The origins and history of the College | |
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The structure of the College | |
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The President | |
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The College | |
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The cabinets | |
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The Commission's powers | |
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The College in context | |
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The College after enlargement | |
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Conclusion | |
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The European Parliament | |
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Introduction | |
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Historical evolution | |
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Aggregating interests | |
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Political groups | |
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The committee system | |
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Exercising influence | |
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History-making decisions | |
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Policy-making decisions | |
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Policy-implementing decisions | |
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The Parliament and the democratic deficit | |
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Conclusions | |
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The European Court of Justice | |
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The Court of Justice and the rule of law | |
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The judicial architecture | |
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The courts | |
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The members | |
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Internal organization and procedure | |
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The roles of the Court | |
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Forms of action | |
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Preliminary rulings | |
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Infringement proceedings | |
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Annulment proceedings | |
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Special procedures | |
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The impact of the Court | |
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Jurisprudential impact | |
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Distribution of powers | |
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Assessing the Court's role | |
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Conclusion | |
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Managing the Union | |
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The Commission's Services | |
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Introduction | |
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Origins and evolution | |
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The Monnet model | |
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National bureaucratic models | |
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International organization models | |
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Powers, structure, and functioning | |
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The College and the services | |
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Powers and functions | |
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Structure | |
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Reforming the Commission | |
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The reform programme | |
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Externalizing Commission work | |
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Streamlining personnel policy | |
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Recruitment and training | |
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A decade of turmoil | |
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The Commission and theory | |
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Do Commission officials identify with Europe? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Managing the Euro: The European Central Bank | |
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Introduction | |
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The ECB and the 'other' European banks | |
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The origins of the ECB | |
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Economic and political rationales | |
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Politics in practice: the long road to EMU | |
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Creating the ECB | |
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The structure of the ECB | |
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The powers of the ECB: centralization versus national control | |
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Monetary policy | |
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Economic policy coordination | |
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Exchange rate policy | |
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Democratic accountability and legitimacy issues | |
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Conclusion | |
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Managing Europeanization: The European Agencies | |
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Introduction | |
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Why agencies? | |
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Delegation and policy credibility | |
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Legal and political obstacles to delegation | |
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The growing role of agencies | |
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The politics of institutional choice: the birth of the European Environment Agency | |
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From committees to agency: the development of the EMEA | |
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The uncertain pursuit of regulatory credibility: the European Food Safety Authority | |
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Independence and accountability | |
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The network model | |
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Conclusions | |
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Financial Control: The Court of Auditors and OLAF | |
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Introduction | |
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The origins of the institutions | |
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Structure of the institutions | |
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European Court of Auditors | |
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OLAF | |
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Powers of the institutions | |
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European Court of Auditors | |
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OLAF | |
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The institutions in context | |
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Financial control and the larger EU system | |
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Theories of integration and institutional development | |
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The impact of the institutions | |
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Conclusions | |
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Integrating Interests | |
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Security Interests: Police and Judicial Cooperation | |
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Introduction | |
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Origins | |
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Ad hoc intergovernmental cooperation: 1960s-1985 | |
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Advanced intergovernmental cooperation: 1985-92 | |
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Justice and home affairs: the third pillar | |
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Diluted intergovernmentalism: 1993-98 | |
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The area of freedom, security and justice | |
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Contained intergovernmentalism: 1999- | |
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Institutionalization and the European Council | |
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Single market institutions for JHA | |
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The European arrest warrant | |
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Mutual assistance in criminal matters | |
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Security interests and terrorism | |
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The Constitutional Treaty | |
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Conclusions | |
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International Interests: The Common Foreign and Security Policy | |
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Introduction | |
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The origins of CFSP institutions | |
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European political cooperation | |
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From EPC to the CFSP | |
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The structure of the CFSP system | |
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The CFSP system in action | |
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Powers of the institutions | |
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CFSP powers | |
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The EU's foreign policy record | |
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Accountability and lobbying | |
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The institutions in context | |
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The CFSP in the EU system | |
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The CFSP and national policies/ministries | |
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Theorizing the CFSP | |
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Conclusion | |
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National Interests: Coreper | |
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Introduction | |
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Coreper's origins | |
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Structure of the institution | |
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Coreper I and II | |
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Contestation | |
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Powers of the institution | |
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De facto decision-makers | |
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Integrating interests | |
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Continuous negotiation | |
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Instruction and voice | |
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Insulation | |
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A dense normative environment | |
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Norm socialization and enlargement | |
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Plotting | |
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Style of discourse | |
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Accountability | |
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The institution in context | |
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The 'Janus face' of Coreper | |
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Conclusions | |
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Political Interests: The European Parliament's Party Groups | |
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Introduction | |
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The shape of the EP party system | |
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Internal organization | |
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Coalition politics and parliamentary committees | |
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Electoral accountability | |
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Parties at the European level | |
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Conclusions | |
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Social and Regional Interests: The Economic and Social Committee and Committee of the Regions | |
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Introduction | |
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The origins of Ecosoc and CoR | |
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The structure of Ecosoc and CoR | |
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Membership | |
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Organization | |
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Coalition-building | |
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The powers of Ecosoc and CoR | |
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Formal powers | |
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Ecosoc in practice | |
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CoR in practice | |
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Ecosoc and CoR in context | |
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Conclusion | |
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Conclusion | |
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Introduction | |
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Institutional interdependence | |
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Capacity-decline or renewal? | |
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The leadership problem | |
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The management problem | |
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The problem of integrating interests | |
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The prospects for renewal | |
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Embedding the national in the European | |
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EU institutions and the new institutionalism | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Index | |