| |
| |
| |
Basic Notions in Electromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetic fields | |
| |
| |
| |
Historical remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic principles and balance laws | |
| |
| |
| |
Local balance equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Dipole moments and balance laws in matter | |
| |
| |
| |
Macroscopic properties and constitutive equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Forced current, magnetic current and magnetic charge | |
| |
| |
| |
Duality principle | |
| |
| |
| |
Lorentz-invariant form of Maxwell's equations | |
| |
| |
| |
The Lorentz force | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetic stress and momentum | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetism based on three principles | |
| |
| |
| |
Poynting's theorem and balance of energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Balance laws in matter and discontinuous fields | |
| |
| |
| |
Boundary conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Consequences of the Clausius-Duhem inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
Other choices of independent variables | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetic potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
Differential equations for the electromagnetic fields | |
| |
| |
| |
Force, torque and energy of dipoles | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetism of deformable media | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrodynamics of moving media | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrodynamics of deformable media | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's functions and retarded potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's formula and distributional solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
The Fourier transform of distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's function for the harmonic oscillator | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's function for the wave equation | |
| |
| |
| |
One-dimensional wave equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Two-dimensional wave equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Three-dimensional wave equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's function for the reduced wave equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's function for the lossy wave equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Retarded potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
Kirchhoff's solution | |
| |
| |
| |
Integral formulae for the electromagnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
Electric dipole fields | |
| |
| |
| |
Lienard-Wiechert potentials and point charge radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
Initial-value problem for the wave equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Initial-value problem for the telegraph equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Boundary-value problem for the telegraph equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Time-harmonic fields | |
| |
| |
| |
Fields and potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
Helmholtz's theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy balance | |
| |
| |
| |
Uniqueness | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy density | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's functions for Helmholtz's equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Green's tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
Helmholtz's equation and waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Huygens' principle | |
| |
| |
| |
Time-harmonic plane waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Reciprocity | |
| |
| |
| |
Superposition of waves and group velocity | |
| |
| |
| |
Doppler effect, dispersion and convection of light | |
| |
| |
| |
Signal velocity | |
| |
| |
| |
The method of stationary phase | |
| |
| |
| |
Models of materials with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
A motivation of memory from waves in water | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple models of material behaviour | |
| |
| |
| |
Dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Debye model of dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Bound electrons in a magnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
Radiation damping | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnetic materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Ferroelectric materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Molecular crystals with permanent dipoles | |
| |
| |
| |
Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Ionosphere | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnetosphere | |
| |
| |
| |
A mixture description of plasmas | |
| |
| |
| |
Kinetic approach to a plasma model | |
| |
| |
| |
Restrictions placed by the Clausius-Duhem inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
Causality and Kramers-Kronig relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Approximate consequences of the Kramers-Kronig relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Integral theorems | |
| |
| |
| |
Causality conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamics and Mathematical Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamics of simple electromagnetic systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetic systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Materials with fading memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Conductors with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamic laws | |
| |
| |
| |
Reversibility | |
| |
| |
| |
Principle of electromagnetic energy dissipation | |
| |
| |
| |
Equivalent formulations of the minimum free energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Dielectrics and rate-type electromagnetic materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamic restrictions on linear systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Free enthalpy of linear systems with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Free enthalpies and free energies for dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Free enthalpies and free energies for conductors with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Topologies for the history space | |
| |
| |
| |
Dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Conductors with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Electric conduction in the ionosphere | |
| |
| |
| |
Free energies and free enthalpies | |
| |
| |
| |
Dissipativity at interfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermoelectromagnetic systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of previous approaches | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetic systems without memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamic laws | |
| |
| |
| |
Linear approximation with respect to the temperature | |
| |
| |
| |
Examples of internal pseudo-energies | |
| |
| |
| |
Linear systems with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermoelectromagnetic dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Free enthalpy of a thermoelectromagnetic dielectric | |
| |
| |
| |
Linear thermoelectromagnetic dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Maximum free enthalpy | |
| |
| |
| |
The discrete spectrum model | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermoelectromagnetic conductors | |
| |
| |
| |
Onsager's reciprocal relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Application to thermoelectric phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
Existence and uniqueness | |
| |
| |
| |
Some function spaces in electromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
Stationary solutions in one-dimensional resonators | |
| |
| |
| |
Stationary solutions in a resonator | |
| |
| |
| |
Stationary solutions in conductors | |
| |
| |
| |
Stationary fields with dissipative boundary conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Static solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
The quasi-static problem | |
| |
| |
| |
The evolution problem | |
| |
| |
| |
Domain of dependence inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
Uniqueness theorems | |
| |
| |
| |
Existence | |
| |
| |
| |
Existence of strict solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
Existence and uniqueness for dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Asymptotic behaviour in dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Domain of dependence for dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Absorbing boundary conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Existence and uniqueness for absorbing boundaries | |
| |
| |
| |
Asymptotic behaviour for absorbing boundaries | |
| |
| |
| |
A counterexample to asymptotic stability | |
| |
| |
| |
Maxwell's equations as a constrained system | |
| |
| |
| |
Spatial decay estimates | |
| |
| |
| |
Spatial decay for dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermoelectromagnetic systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermoelectromagnetic conductors | |
| |
| |
| |
Wave propagation | |
| |
| |
| |
Plane waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Linear and circular polarization | |
| |
| |
| |
Reflection-transmission of waves between dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Reflectivity and transmissivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Reflection and transmission between dissipative media | |
| |
| |
| |
Upgoing and downgoing waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Reflected and transmitted waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnetohydrodynamic waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Waves in anisotropic materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Anisotropic dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Gyrotropic media | |
| |
| |
| |
Plane wavefronts | |
| |
| |
| |
Speed of propagation in materials with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Decay in materials with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Extremum principles | |
| |
| |
| |
Some function spaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Variational formulation for a system of equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Models of electromagnetic media | |
| |
| |
| |
Dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Conductors | |
| |
| |
| |
Materials with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Boundary conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Extremum principles for static problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrostatic problem | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnetostatic problem | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetostatic problem | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetostatic problem with dissipative boundary conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Rayleigh's variational principles | |
| |
| |
| |
Resonance frequencies | |
| |
| |
| |
Wave numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
Stationary formulae and Rayleigh-Ritz procedure | |
| |
| |
| |
Least action principle | |
| |
| |
| |
The least-action principle in empty space | |
| |
| |
| |
Lagrangians involving the electromagnetic tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
Electromagnetic Lagrangian | |
| |
| |
| |
Lagrangian for nonlinear dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Functionals for initial-value problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Functionals in the Laplace-tranform domain | |
| |
| |
| |
Reiss-type principles | |
| |
| |
| |
Constrained variational formulations | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlinearity and Nonlocality | |
| |
| |
| |
Problems in nonlinear electromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
Modelling in nonlinear optics | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlinear constitutive equations with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlinear models for anisotropic media | |
| |
| |
| |
Isotropic dielectrics | |
| |
| |
| |
Volterra series | |
| |
| |
| |
Sinusoidal inputs | |
| |
| |
| |
Gaussian noise input | |
| |
| |
| |
A model of nonlinear materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Luxembourg effect | |
| |
| |
| |
Plane waves in nonlinear media | |
| |
| |
| |
Second harmonic | |
| |
| |
| |
Phase conjugation | |
| |
| |
| |
Generation of harmonics through perturbation methods | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Hyperbolic systems and shock formation | |
| |
| |
| |
The Bernoulli equation for the weak-wave amplitude | |
| |
| |
| |
Speed of shocks | |
| |
| |
| |
Shocks in dielectrics with instantaneous response | |
| |
| |
| |
Shock evolution and constitutive properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Shocks of small amplitude | |
| |
| |
| |
Shocks in dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlocal electromagnetism and superconductivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Remarks on the entropy inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
Balance laws and second law | |
| |
| |
| |
Dielectric bodies with quadrupoles | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlocal dielectrics with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
Strictly nonlocal materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Superconductivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
The London equations | |
| |
| |
| |
An improvement of the London theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Two nonlocal models | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlocal properties of superconductivity | |
| |
| |
| |
Superconductors with memory | |
| |
| |
| |
The London gauge | |
| |
| |
| |
The Ginzburg-Landau theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Quasi-stationary model | |
| |
| |
| |
Evolution model | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnetic hysteresis | |
| |
| |
| |
Micromagnetics | |
| |
| |
| |
Domain wall motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluation of the magnetization at a given field | |
| |
| |
| |
Solution for major and minor loops | |
| |
| |
| |
Remarks about mathematical models for hysteresis | |
| |
| |
| |
General requirements | |
| |
| |
| |
Rate-type models | |
| |
| |
| |
A Preisach-type model | |
| |
| |
| |
Two 'bilinear' models | |
| |
| |
| |
The Coleman-Hodgdon model | |
| |
| |
| |
History-rate type models | |
| |
| |
| |
An example | |
| |
| |
| |
History-integral type models | |
| |
| |
| |
The Bouc model | |
| |
| |
| |
The Preisach model | |
| |
| |
Appendices | |
| |
| |
| |
Some properties of Bessel functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Fourier transform and Sobolev spaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Fourier transform | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Sobolev spaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
Fourier transform of distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
Compact operators and eigenfunctions | |
| |
| |
| |
Compact operators | |
| |
| |
| |
Eigenfunctions in spatially homogeneous resonators | |
| |
| |
| |
Differential operators in curvilinear coordinates | |
| |
| |
| |
Differentiation | |
| |
| |
| |
Gradient, divergence, curl and the Laplacian | |
| |
| |
| |
Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates | |
| |
| |
| |
Finite formulation of electromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
Field laws in global form | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
Index | |