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Each Unit opens with a Photo Essay | |
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Each Chapter closes with a "Criminal Justice Problem-Solving" feature | |
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Preface | |
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Introducing Crime and Criminal Justice | |
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Case Study: How Would You Spend $10,000,000? | |
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Introducing Criminal Justice | |
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Perspectives on Criminal Justice | |
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Criminal Justice as System | |
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Criminal Justice as Profession | |
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Criminal Justice as Bureaucracy | |
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Criminal Justice as Moral Agent | |
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Criminal Justice as Academic Discipline | |
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Defining Crime | |
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What Is Crime? | |
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What Crime Is Not | |
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The Extent of Crime | |
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Official Crime Data | |
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Other Sources of Crime Data | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Chapter 1 Appendix: The Criminal Justice System | |
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Perspectives on Law | |
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Concepts in Law and Morality | |
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Case Study: Justice on Lover's Lane | |
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Criminal Justice and Society | |
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Criminal Justice: Popular Conceptions vs. Academic Scholarship | |
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Morality and Justice Studies | |
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Choosing Strategies and Tactics | |
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Strategy | |
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Tactics | |
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Three Tendencies of Idealists and Pragmatists | |
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Harmony | |
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Truth | |
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The Mind/Body Connection | |
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Five Concepts of Morality | |
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Knowledge | |
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Self | |
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Spirituality | |
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Universe | |
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Death | |
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Applying Philosophy and Morality to Criminal Justice | |
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Concepts of Legal Philosophy | |
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Case Study: Working the Corner | |
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Studying Approaches to the Law | |
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Analyzing the Law | |
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Patrick Devlin's Legal Moralism | |
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Devlin and the Six Concepts of Law | |
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H.L.A. Hart's Legal Positivism | |
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Hart and the Six Concepts of Law | |
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Other Schools of Legal Philosophy | |
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Theories of Legal Idealism | |
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Legal Naturalism | |
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Rights and Interpretative Jurisprudence | |
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Critical Theories of Law | |
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Legal Paternalism | |
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Theories of Legal Pragmatism | |
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Legal Realism | |
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Everyday Pragmatism | |
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Perspectives on Deviance and Crime | |
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Deviance and Social Control | |
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Case Study: Mental Illness | |
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An Overview of Deviance | |
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Norms | |
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Socialization | |
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The Social Control of Deviance | |
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Informal vs. Formal Social Control | |
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Agents of Social Control | |
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Styles of Social Control | |
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The Medicalization of Deviance | |
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Types of Medical Social Control | |
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Medical Technologies | |
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Medical Collaboration | |
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Medical Ideology | |
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Social Consequences of Medicalization | |
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Negative Consequences of Medicalization | |
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Medicalization and Public Policy | |
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Shifts in the Style of Social Control | |
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Putative Backlash | |
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Medicine as Social Control | |
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Deviance and Criminal Behavior | |
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Case Study: The Case of Carl PanzramConceptualizing Deviance | |
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Crime, Sin, and Taste as a Form of Deviance | |
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Deviance in Society | |
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Some Explanations of Criminal Deviance | |
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Historical Perspectives on Criminology | |
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Modern Biological Perspectives on Crime and Criminality | |
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The Classical School of Criminology | |
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Psychological Theories on Crime and Criminality | |
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Psychodynamic Theories | |
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Differential Association | |
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Techniques of Neutralization | |
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Personality and Crime | |
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Socio-Cultural Theories of Crime and Criminality | |
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Social Disorganization Theory | |
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Strain and Delinquent Subcultures | |
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Social Control theory | |
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Labeling Theory | |
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Conflict Criminology | |
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The Study of Deviance in Criminal Justice | |
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Perspectives on Justice | |
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Concepts of Justice | |
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Case Study: Sexting | |
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Justice: Fact or Fiction? | |
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The Justice in Criminal Justice | |
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Restorative Justice | |
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Ideological Justice | |
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Transitional Justice | |
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Postmodern Justice | |
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A Focus on Distributive Justice | |
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A Classic Approach: Aristotle's Commutative Justice | |
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An Economic Approach: Bentham's Utilitarian Justice | |
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Outside the System: A Vigilante Approach | |
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But Is It Fair? Rawls on Justice | |
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Individual and Community Interests in Distributive Justice | |
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Mechanical Criminal Justice | |
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Authoritarian Criminal Justice | |
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Compassionate Criminal Justice | |
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Participatory Criminal Justice | |
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Toward Justice | |
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Concepts of Justice Policy | |
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Case Study: The Quagmire of State Marijuana Policy | |
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Criminal Justice and Civil Justice | |
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Criminal Justice | |
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Civil Justice | |
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Social Justice and American Values | |
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The Development of Criminal Justice Policy | |
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Federalism | |
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State and Federal Policy | |
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Separation of Powers | |
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Forces Shaping Criminal Justice Policy | |
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Mass Media | |
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Interest Groups | |
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Bureaucrats | |
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Concepts of Criminal Procedure | |
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Case Study: SUNY, New Paltz | |
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Concepts of Procedural Justice | |
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Three Philosophical Models of Procedural Justice | |
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Perfect Procedural Justice: The Accuracy Model | |
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Imperfect Procedural Justice: The Balancing Model | |
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Pure Procedural Justice: The Participation Model | |
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Social Psychological Factors | |
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Two Models of the Criminal Process | |
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Procedural Justice and the Constitution | |
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Procedural Rights in the Original U.S. Constitution | |
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Habeas Corpus | |
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Bills of Attainder | |
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Ex Post Facto Laws | |
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Trial by Jury | |
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Trial for Treason | |
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Procedural Rights in the Bill of Rights | |
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The Fourth Amendment | |
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The Fifth Amendment | |
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The Sixth Amendment | |
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The Fourteenth Amendment | |
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Penal Social Control | |
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Criminal Law | |
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Case Study: Copyright Infringement | |
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The History of Criminal Law | |
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Criminal Law in Ancient Civilizations | |
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Criminal Law in Ancient Greece and Rome | |
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Criminal Law Changes in Early Christendom | |
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Criminal Law in Early England | |
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From English Common Law to Modern Penal Laws | |
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Common Elements of Modern Criminal Law | |
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Actus Reus | |
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Mens Rea | |
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Attendant Circumstances | |
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Causation of Result | |
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Types of Crimes | |
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Defenses to Crimes | |
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Constitutional Limitations on Criminalization | |
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The First Amendment | |
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Due Process Concerns | |
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Criminal Punishment | |
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Case Study: Three Strikes Laws | |
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Conceptualizing Punishment | |
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Justifications for Criminal Punishment | |
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Retribution | |
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Deterrence | |
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Rehabilitation | |
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Incapacitation | |
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Restitution and Restoration | |
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The Politics of Whom We Punish | |
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Limitations on Criminal Punishment | |
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Culpability: A Fairness Principle Requiring Blameworthiness | |
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Notice and the Principle of Legality | |
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Proportionality and the Eighth Amendment | |
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The Future of Punishment | |
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Overview of Criminal Justice Institutions | |
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Core Concepts of U.S. Policing | |
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Case Study: Housing Development | |
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Philosophies of Policing | |
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Policing in England | |
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The Political Era (1830s - Early 1900s) | |
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The Professional Era (1930s - 1970s) | |
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The Community Era (1970s - present) | |
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Developmental Theories of Policing | |
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The Culture of Policing | |
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Wilson's Styles of Police Behavior | |
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Police Officer Personalities | |
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The Structure of American Law Enforcement | |
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Local Police Agencies | |
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State Police | |
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Federal Agencies | |
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Ethical Issues in Policing | |
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Levels of Corruption | |
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Types of Corruption | |
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The Dirty Harry Problem | |
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Controlling Unethical Behavior | |
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Policing Strategies | |
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Myths about Policing | |
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Team Policing | |
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Community-Oriented Policing | |
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Problem-Oriented Policing | |
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Core Concepts of the U.S. Court Systems | |
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Case Study: Shipwreck | |
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The Structure of the U.S. Court System | |
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Hierarchical Jurisdiction | |
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Other Forms of Jurisdiction | |
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The Courtroom Workgroup | |
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Judges | |
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Prosecutors | |
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Defense Attorneys | |
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Criminal Pretrial Processes | |
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Initial Appearance | |
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Charging | |
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Arraignment | |
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Discovery | |
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Plea Bargaining | |
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Pretrial Motions | |
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Criminal Trial Processes | |
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Jury Selection | |
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Presumptions and Evidence | |
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Trial | |
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Sentencing | |
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Post-Conviction Review | |
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Judicial Review | |
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Legal Reasoning | |
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Philosophies of Legal Reasoning | |
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The Process of Legal Reasoning | |
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Core Concepts of U.S. Correctional Theory and Practice | |
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Case Study: Weightlifting in Prison | |
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The Scope and Purpose of American Corrections | |
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Four Essential Tensions Underlying Correctional Philosophy and Policy | |
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The Essential Tension of Finance | |
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The Essential Tension of Research | |
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The Essential Tension of Discretion | |
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The Essential Tension of Invisibility | |
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Summary of the Concept of Essential Tensions | |
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History and Practice of Institutional Corrections | |
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A Historical Survey of Correctional Institutions | |
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Current Practice in Correctional Institutions | |
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Theoretical Perspectives on Prison Life | |
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History and Practice of Community Corrections | |
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A History of Community Corrections | |
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Current Practice in Community Corrections | |
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Credits | |
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References by Chapter | |
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Index | |