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| Preface | |
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| Identifying Verbs and Core Sentences | |
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| Preview | |
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| Grammar and Our View of Language1` | |
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| Verbs and Core Sentences | |
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| Verbs: The Basic Sentence Components | |
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| Intransitive Verbs | |
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| Linking Verbs | |
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| Transitive Verbs | |
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| Two Place Transitive Verbs | |
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| Vg Verbs | |
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| Vc Verbs | |
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| Two Place Transitives as Transitive Verbs | |
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| The Verb BE | |
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| Verbs and Slots and Sentence Nuclei | |
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| Verbs Change Types | |
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| Reference Material | |
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| Knowledge and Practice | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Identifying Verb Types | |
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| Relating Words, Phrases, and Slots | |
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| Parts of Speech | |
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| What Nouns Do | |
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| Verbs, Modals, Auxiliaries, and Tense | |
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| Adjectives and Noun Characteristics | |
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| Adverbs Orient Readers and Listeners | |
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| Prepositions Precede Noun Phrases | |
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| Words and Grammar | |
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| Grammatical Slots Identify Phrases | |
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| The Hierarchy | |
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| Constituents as Hierarchies | |
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| Grammatical Analyis and Chicken Parts | |
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| Heads and Attributes | |
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| Basic Sentence Structure | |
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| The Yes/No Question Test | |
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| Tree Diagrams | |
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| Diagrams as Tools | |
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| Multiple-Word Verbs | |
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| Words, Hierarchies, and Constituents | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Identifying Sentence Constituents | |
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| Expanding Verb Phrases | |
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| Tense, Modality, and Aspect | |
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| Statu of the Main Verb | |
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| Verb Form | |
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| Finiteness | |
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| Mood and Purpose | |
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| Conditional Mood and Possibility | |
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| Future Time and Conditional Mood Again | |
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| Aspect | |
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| Past Participles | |
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| Present Participles | |
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| Tense Forms of Main Verbs | |
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| How to Expand a Main Verb | |
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| Regular Verbs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Changing Main Verb Forms | |
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| Identify Verb Status and Analyzing Sentence | |
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| Exploring Noun Phrases | |
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| Noun Phrase Component | |
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| Proper and Common Nouns | |
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| Determiners | |
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| Definite Articles | |
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| Possessive Pronouns | |
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| Numbers | |
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| Prearticles | |
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| Postnoun Modifiers | |
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| Genitives | |
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| Genitive Rather than Possessive | |
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| Personal, Reflexive, and Indefinite Pronoun | |
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| Function Words Can Expand Noun Phrases | |
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| Here are the Main Points in the Chapter | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Identifying Noun Constituents and Analyzing Sentences | |
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| Rearranging and Compounding | |
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| Changing Core Sentences | |
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| Making Negative Sentences | |
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| Changing Statements into Yes/No Questions | |
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| Wh-Question Sentences | |
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| Passive Sentences | |
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| Deleting By from a Passive | |
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| Core Arrangement of Passive Constituents | |
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| Past Participles and Adjectives | |
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| Get as a Passive Auxiliary | |
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| Rearranging a Passive Sentence | |
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| Status and Passive | |
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| Existential-There Sentences | |
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| Expletives | |
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| Imperative Structure | |
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| Deleting You and Will from Imperative Sentences | |
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| Diagramming Imperative Sentences | |
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| Imperative Sentence Lack Tense | |
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| The Negative Form of Imperatives | |
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| Compounding Structures | |
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| Coordinate and Correlative Conjunctions | |
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| Conjoining and Commas | |
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| Attaching Conjunctions | |
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| Conjunctive Adverbs | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Rearranging and Compounding Sentences | |
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| Analyzing Sentences | |
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| Constructing Relative Clauses | |
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| Dependent Clauses | |
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| Little Sentences Combine to Make Big Sentences | |
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| Why We Combine Sentences | |
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| A Relative Clause Embeds into a Noun Phrase | |
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| The Way It Was Is the Way It Is | |
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| Restrictive Relative Clauses as Adjectives | |
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| Making a Relative Clause | |
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| Relative Pronouns Replace Noun Phrases | |
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| Whose Replaces a Possessive Pronoun or a Genitive Noun | |
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| Relative Pronouns in Prepositional Phrases | |
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| The Functions of Fronted Relatives | |
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| Find the Constituents of the Relative Clause | |
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| Deleting Object Noun Phrases from Relative Clauses | |
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| Embedding Relative Clauses into Subordinate Clauses | |
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| Constituents in Independent or Dependent Clauses | |
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| Here are the Main Points in the Chapter | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Combining Sentences | |
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| Breaking Out Underlying Sentences | |
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| Analyzing Sentences | |
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| Reducing Relative Clauses to Phrases | |
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| Deriving Prepositional and Participial Phrases | |
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| Reducing Clauses | |
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| Participial Phrases are Verb Phrases | |
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| Making Some Verbs into Present Participles | |
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| Deriving Past Participial Phrases | |
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| Embedded Prepositional Phrases | |
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| Constituency: Adjectives or Adverbs | |
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| How the Components of an Embedded Phrase Function | |
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| Prepositional Phrases Headed by With | |
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| We Won't Derive One-Word Modifiers | |
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| Embedded Phrases and Commas | |
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| Making Long Sentences from Just a Few Kinds of Phrases and Clauses | |
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| The Clauses that Underlie a Sentence's Constituents | |
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| Grammatical Ambiguity | |
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| Phrases Derived from Relative Clauses | |
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| Here are the Main Points of the Chapter | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Breaking Out Underlying Sentences | |
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| Combining Sentences | |
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| Analyzing Sentences | |
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| Making Noun Clauses, Gerunds, and Infinitives | |
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| Noun Clauses, Gerunds, and Infinitives Fill Noun Phrase Slots | |
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| That-Clauses | |
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| Noun Clauses Fill Noun Phrase Slots | |
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| Extraposing That-Clauses | |
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| Some Sentences with Expletives and Noun Clauses Don't Seem to Be Derived | |
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| Wh-Subordinators Act as Content Words within Noun Clauses | |
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| Wh-Clauses Are Related to Question Sentences | |
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| Reducing Clauses to Infinitive Phrases | |
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| Infinitives without to | |
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| Infinitive Phrases Introduced by For ... to | |
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| Some Infinitives Function as Adverbs | |
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| Gerunds Are -ing Verb Forms | |
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| Gerund Phrases May Contain a Subject in the Genitive Form | |
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| Studying Grammar is Cumulative | |
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| Embedded Structures That Fill Noun Phrase Slot in Matrix Clauses | |
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| Here are the Main Points of Chapter 8 | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Breaking Out Underlying Sentences | |
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| Combining Sentences | |
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| Analyzing Sentences | |
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| Adding Modifiers to Sentences | |
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| Nonrestrictive Modifiers | |
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| Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses Sit Next to Noun Phrases | |
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| Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses Make Added Comments | |
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| Nonrestrictive Participial Phrases | |
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| Nonrestrictive Participial Phrases Function as Adverbs | |
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| Appositives Sit Next to Nouns | |
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| Absolute Phrases | |
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| Adverb Cluses Share Some Characteristics of Nonrestrictive Modifiers | |
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| Adverb Clauses and Subordinate Conjunctions | |
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| Nonrestrictive Modifiers Change the Pace, Rhythm, and Movement in Sentences | |
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| A Grammar Course Should Prepare You to Analyze Real Sentences | |
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| Doing Grammar is About Understanding the System That Generates Sentences | |
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| Here are the Main Points of Chapter 9 | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Breaking Out Underlying Sentences | |
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| Combining Sentences | |
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| Analyzing Sentences | |
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| What can You do Now that You can do Grammar? | |
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| Reflecting on Writing and Reading | |
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| Style | |
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| Students Writing With Style | |
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| Most Punctuation Can Be Addressed with Three Principles | |
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| Teachers Should Point Out Interesting and Effective Student Sentences | |
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| Good Writers, Good Readers, and Good Teachers Understand the Options Grammar Gives Us to Construct Sentences | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Answer Key | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |