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| Chapters 1-15 end with a Summary and Conclusions. | |
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| Preface | |
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| Prehistory, History, and Archaeology | |
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| What Are Archaeologists Looking For? (The Meaning of the Past) | |
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| Archaeology as the Reconstruction of Extinct Cultures and Their Histories | |
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| Archaeology as a Body of Theories and Methods for Explaining the Past | |
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| A Short History of Attempts to Understand the Past | |
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| Fundamentals of Archaeology | |
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| Archaeologists and the Practice of Archaeology | |
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| The Basic Data of the Past | |
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| Analyses of the Past | |
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| Dating the Past | |
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| The Origins of Culture | |
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| The Problem of Cultural Origins | |
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| The Nature of Culture | |
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| The Ecological Context of Cultural Origins | |
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| Models of Cultural Origins | |
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| The Origins of Homo sapiens sapiens | |
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| Human Evolution and Radiation: 1.8 million to Circa 300,000 Years Ago | |
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| Homo sapiens: Models of Origins | |
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| The Middle to Upper Paleolithic Period | |
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| Human Colonization of the World: Circa 30,000-10,000 Years Ago | |
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| The First Americans | |
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| Routes for the Initial Colonization of the Americas | |
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| Evidence for the First Americans | |
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| Early Paleoindian Economies | |
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| The Origins of Agriculture | |
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| Agriculture, Domestication, and Sedentary Communities | |
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| Hypotheses About the Origins of Domestication, Agriculture, and Sedentary Communities | |
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| Early Domestication and Agriculture: The Post-Paleolithic Background | |
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| The Origins of Domestication, Agriculture, and Sedentary Communities in Southwest Asia | |
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| Other Old World Domesticates | |
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| Agricultural Origins in the New World | |
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| The Evolution of Complex Societies | |
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| Social Complexity and Human Values | |
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| Traditional Sociocultural Typologies | |
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| Contemporary Approaches to Sociocultural Typology | |
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| The Archaeology of Complex Societies | |
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| Explaining the Evolution of Civilizations: The Search for Causes | |
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| Origins of Complex Societies in Southwest Asia | |
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| The Ecological Setting | |
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| Fundamentals of the Southwest Asian Archaeological Record | |
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| The Neolithic Origins of Southwest Asian Civilization | |
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| Initial Cultural Complexity | |
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| Early States: The Uruk and Jemdet Nasr Periods | |
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| The Early Dynastic Period | |
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| Southwest Asia After 2350 B.C. | |
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| The Origins of Complex Societies in Egypt | |
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| The Ecological Setting | |
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| Early Egyptian Agriculture | |
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| The Predynastic Period | |
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| The Archaic, Old Kingdom, and First Intermediate Periods | |
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| The Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Periods | |
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| The New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Periods | |
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| Ancient Egyptian Art and Thought | |
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| Egyptian Writing and Literature | |
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| Who Were the Ancient Egyptians? | |
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| The Evolution of Complex Societies in the Indus Valley | |
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| The Ecological Setting | |
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| The Neolithic Background to South Asian Cultural Complexity | |
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| The Neolithic-Urban Transition | |
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| Early Harappan Culture | |
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| Mature Harappan Civilization | |
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| The Decline of Harappan Civilization | |
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| The Evolution of Complex Societies in China | |
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| The Ecological Setting | |
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| Early Farmers | |
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| Regional Neolithic Developments in North China | |
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| Early Complex Chinese Societies | |
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| Erh-li-t'ou Culture | |
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| Shang Civilization and Its Contemporaries | |
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| Early Imperial China | |
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| Later Complex Societies of the Old World | |
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| Temperate Europe | |
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| A Brief Overview of Other Later Old World Complex Societies | |
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| Colonization of the Western Pacific Islands | |
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| The Evolution of Complex Societies in Mesoamerica | |
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| The Ecological Setting | |
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| Early Mesoamerican Farming | |
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| The Archaeological Record of Early Complex Mesoamerican Societies | |
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| The Archaeological Record of Mesoamerican States in the Valleys of Mexico and Oaxaca | |
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| The Maya | |
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| Postclassic Mesoamerica | |
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| The Spanish Conquest | |
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| The Evolution of Complex Societies in Andean South America | |
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| The Ecological Setting | |
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| Early Hunters and Gatherers | |
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| The Agricultural Basis of Andean Civilization | |
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| The First Complex Societies in Andean South America | |
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| The Early Horizon | |
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| The Early Intermediate Period: Early States | |
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| The Middle Horizon: Competing States | |
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| The Late Intermediate Period: Early Empires | |
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| The Late Horizon: The Imperial Transformation | |
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| The European Conquest | |
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| Early Cultural Complexity in North America | |
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| The Ecological Setting | |
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| The North American East | |
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| The North American Southwest | |
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| Prehistory in Perspective | |
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| Our Intellectual Heritage | |
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| Lessons of Prehistory | |
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| The Future of Archaeology | |
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| Art Credits | |
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| Index | |