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| Preface | |
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| Light | |
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| The Nature of Light | |
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| Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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| Phase | |
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| The Perception of Color | |
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| Interaction of Light and Matter | |
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| Transmitted Light | |
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| Velocity | |
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| Index of Refraction | |
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| Reflection | |
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| Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection | |
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| Optical Class | |
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| Dispersion | |
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| Light Absorption and Color | |
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| Polarized Light | |
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| Polarization by Double Refraction | |
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| Polarization by Reflection | |
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| Polarization by Scattering | |
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| The Petrographic Microscope | |
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| Direction Conventions | |
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| Samples | |
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| Illuminator | |
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| Substage Assemby | |
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| Microscope Stage | |
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| Objective Lenses | |
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| Vertical Illuminator | |
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| Upper Polarizer | |
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| Bertrand Lens | |
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| Ocular Mechanism | |
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| Focusing Mechanism | |
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| Accessories | |
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| Additional Equipment | |
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| General Care of the Microscope | |
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| Adjustment of the Microscope | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Adjusting the Oculars | |
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| Focusing | |
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| Adjusting the Illuminator | |
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| Adjusting the Substage | |
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| Alignment of the Polarizers | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Refractometry | |
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| Relief | |
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| Becke Line Method | |
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| Dispersion Effects | |
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| Oblique Illumination Method | |
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| Practical Considerations | |
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| Accuracy of the Immersion Method | |
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| Determining Indices of Refraction in Thin Section | |
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| Optics of Isotropic Materials | |
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| Isotropic Indicatrix | |
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| Distinguishing Between Isotropic and Anisotropic Minerals | |
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| Identification of Isotropic Materials | |
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| Grain Mount | |
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| Thin Section | |
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| Optics of Anisotropic Minerals: Introduction | |
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| Interference Phenomena | |
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| Monochromatic Illumination | |
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| Retardation | |
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| Birefringence | |
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| Interference of the Two Rays | |
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| Polychromatic Illumination | |
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| Orders of Interference Colors | |
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| Anomalous Interference Colors | |
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| Determining Thickness of a Sample | |
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| Thin Section | |
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| Grain Mount | |
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| Determining Birefringence from the Color Chart | |
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| Thin Section | |
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| Grain Mount | |
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| Recognizing the Different Orders of Interference Colors | |
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| Extinction | |
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| Categories of Extinction | |
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| Use of the Accessory Plates | |
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| Sign of Elongation | |
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| Relief | |
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| Pleochroism | |
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| Uniaxial Optics | |
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| Optic Sign | |
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| Crystallographic Considerations | |
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| Uniaxial Indicatrix | |
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| Use of the Indicatrix | |
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| Birefringence and Interference Colors | |
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| Extinction | |
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| Textragonal Minerals | |
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| Hexagonal Minerals | |
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| Rhombohedral Cleavage | |
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| Prismatic and Pinacoidal Cleavage | |
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| Pleochroism | |
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| Interference Figure | |
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| Optic Axis Interference Figure | |
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| Formation of Isochromes | |
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| Formation of Isogyres | |
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| Determining Optic Sign | |
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| Off-Center Optic Axis Figures | |
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| Flash Figure | |
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| Selecting Grains to Give Interference Figures | |
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| Optic Axis Figure | |
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| Flash Figure | |
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| Determining Indices of Refraction | |
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| Grain Mount | |
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| Determining nw | |
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| Determining ne | |
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| Thin Section | |
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| Spindle Stage | |
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| Biaxial Optics | |
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| Biaxial Indicatrix | |
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| Mathematical Relationships | |
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| Use of the Indicatrix | |
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| Normal Incidence Parallel to an Indicatrix Axis | |
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| Normal Incidence Parallel to an Optic Axis | |
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| Normal Incidence in a Random Direction | |
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| Inclined Incidence | |
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| Crystallographic Orientation of Indicatrix Axes | |
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| Orthorhombic Minerals | |
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| Monoclinic Minerals | |
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| Triclinic Minerals | |
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| Biaxial Interference Figure | |
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| Acute Bisectrix Figure | |
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| Formation of Isochromes | |
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| Vibration Directions and Formation of Isogyres | |
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| Centered Optic Axis Figure | |
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| Obtuse Bisectrix Figure | |
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| Optic Normal Figure | |
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| Off-Center Figure | |
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| Determining Optic Sign | |
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| Acute Bisectrix Figure | |
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| Obtuse Bisectrix Figure | |
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| Optic Axis Figure | |
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| Flash Figure | |
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| Determining 2V | |
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| 2V Versus 2E | |
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| Mallard''s Method | |
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| Tobi''s Method | |
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| Kamb''s Method | |
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| Wright Method | |
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| Selecting Grains to Produce Interference Figures | |
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| Pleochroism | |
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| Extinction | |
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| Orthorhombic Minerals | |
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| Monoclinic Minerals | |
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| Triclinic Minerals | |
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| Sign of Elongations | |
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| Indicies of Refractio | |