| |
| |
| The West: Culture and Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Departure Prehistory to 1000 bce | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Birth of Civilization | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: How do environments shape human communities and human communities alter environments? | |
| |
| |
| The Evolution of the Prehistoric Cultures | |
| |
| |
| The Archaic States | |
| |
| |
| The Origin of Civilization in Mesopotamia: Sumer | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Civilization in Egypt | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: Does civilization promote or intensify divisions among peoples? | |
| |
| |
| The Transition States | |
| |
| |
| Imperial Egypt: The New Kingdom | |
| |
| |
| The Indo-Europeans and the Clash of Empires | |
| |
| |
| The Bible and History | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Classical Era 2000 bce to 30 ce | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aegean Civilizations | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: When does civilization in the West become Western civilization? | |
| |
| |
| Minoan Mentors | |
| |
| |
| The Mycenaeans, Greeces First Civilization | |
| |
| |
| The Aegean Dark Age | |
| |
| |
| The Hellenic Era | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of the Mainland Powers | |
| |
| |
| The Persian Wars: Crucible of a Civilization | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Hellenic Era | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: What did the Greeks contribute to the development of modern civilization? | |
| |
| |
| Persian Wars as Catalyst | |
| |
| |
| The Peloponnesian War | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual and Artistic Life in the Polis | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Hellenistic Era and the Rise of Rome | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: What circumstances are likely to undermine governments by the people? | |
| |
| |
| The Hellenistic Era | |
| |
| |
| The Origin of Rome | |
| |
| |
| The Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
| Romes Civil War | |
| |
| |
| |
| Romes Empire and the Unification of the Western World | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: Do people prefer order to liberty? | |
| |
| |
| The Augustan Era | |
| |
| |
| Order and Continuity: The Dynastic Option | |
| |
| |
| Order and Continuity: The Elective Option | |
| |
| |
| Life in an Imperial Environment | |
| |
| |
| The Decline of Rome | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Division of the West 300 to 1300 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wests Medieval Civilizations | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: Should freedom of religion be limited? | |
| |
| |
| The Christian Element | |
| |
| |
| The German Element | |
| |
| |
| The Byzantine Empire of Constantinople | |
| |
| |
| Islam | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Emergence of Europe | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: How did Europe build on its legacies from the ancient world? | |
| |
| |
| The Merovingian Kingdom: Europes Nucleus | |
| |
| |
| The Franks Neighbors | |
| |
| |
| The Carolingian Era | |
| |
| |
| Retrenchment and Reorganization | |
| |
| |
| The Culture of Europes Dark Age | |
| |
| |
| |
| Europe Turns Outward | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: Was conflict among the medieval civilizations inevitable? | |
| |
| |
| Islams Crest and Byzantiums Resurgence | |
| |
| |
| The Reorganization of Feudal Europe | |
| |
| |
| The Eleventh-Century Turning Point | |
| |
| |
| |
| Europes High Middle Ages | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: Why are some societies more open to change than others? | |
| |
| |
| The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century | |
| |
| |
| Universities and Scholasticism | |
| |
| |
| Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion | |
| |
| |
| The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages | |
| |
| |
| Government in the High Middle Ages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Challenges, Conflicts, and Departures 1300 to 1700 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Challenges to the Medieval Order | |
| |
| |
| Larger Issue: What did the crises of the late medieval era reveal about the strengths and weaknesses of Europes civilization? | |
| |
| |
| Challenges from Nature | |
| |
| |
| Turmoil in the Middle East | |
| |
| |
| Spiritual Crises | |
| |
| |
| Political Responses: The Burdens of War | |
| |
| |
| |
| Renaissance and Exploration | |