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Camera | |
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Getting Started Camera and film | |
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Loading film into the camera | |
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Focusing and setting the exposure | |
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Exposure readout | |
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Exposing the film | |
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What will you photograph? | |
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Using a digital camera | |
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Types of Cameras | |
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Basic Camera Controls | |
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More about Camera Controls | |
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Inside a singlelens reflex camera | |
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Shutter Speed Affects light and motion | |
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Aperture Affects light and depth of field | |
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Shutter Speed and Aperture Blur vs. depth of field | |
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Getting the Most from Your Camera and Lens | |
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Lens | |
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Lens Focal Length The basic difference between lenses | |
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Normal Focal Length The most like human vision | |
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Long Focal Length Telephoto lenses | |
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Short Focal Length Wide-angle lenses | |
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Zoom, Macro, and Fisheye Lenses | |
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Focus and Depth of Field | |
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Automatic Focus | |
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Depth of Field Controlling sharpness in a photograph | |
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More about Depth of Field How to preview it | |
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Perspective How a photograph shows depth | |
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Lens Attachments Making close-ups | |
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Using filters | |
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Polarization and other effects | |
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Film | |
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Selecting and Using Film | |
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Film Speed and Grain The two go together | |
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Special-Purpose Films Infrared and chromogenic | |
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Color in Film and Digital | |
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Color Films | |
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Exposure | |
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Normal Exposure, Underexposure, and Overexposure | |
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Exposure Meters What different types do | |
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How to calculate and adjust an exposure manually | |
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Overriding an Automatic Exposure Camera | |
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Making an Exposure of an Average Scene | |
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Exposing Scenes That are Lighter or Darker than Average | |
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Backlighting | |
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Exposing Scenes with High Contrast | |
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Low Light and Reciprocity | |
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Exposures in Hard-to-Meter Situations | |
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Developing the Negative | |
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Processing Film Equipment and chemicals you'll need | |
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Mixing and Handling Chemicals | |
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Processing Film Step by Step Setting out materials needed | |
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Preparing the film | |
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Development | |
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Stop bath and fixer | |
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Washing and drying | |
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Summary of Film Processing | |
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How Chemicals Affect Film | |
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Evaluating Your Negatives | |
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Push Processing | |
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Printing | |
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Printing Equipment and materials you'll need | |
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Making a Contact Print Step by Step | |
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Processing a Print Step by Step Development | |
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Stop bath and fixer | |
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Washing and drying | |
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Summary of Print Processing | |
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Making an Enlarged Print Step by Step Setting up the enlarger | |
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Exposing a test print | |
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Exposing a final print | |
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Evaluating Your Print for Density and Contrast | |
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More about Contrast How to control it in a print | |
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Local Controls Burning in and dodging | |
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Cropping | |
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Spotting | |
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Mounting a Print | |
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Equipment and materials you'll need | |
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Dry Mounting a Print Step by Step | |
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Bleed Mounting/Overmatting | |
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Lighting | |
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Qualities of Light From direct to diffused | |
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Existing Light Use what's available | |
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The Main Light The strongest source of light | |
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Fill Light To lighten shadows | |
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Simple Portrait Lighting | |
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Using Artificial Light Photolamp or flash | |
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More about Flash How to position it | |
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Using Flash | |
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Digital Photography | |
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Equipment and Materials You'll Need | |
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Pixels Make the Picture | |
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Digital Color Modes, gamuts, spaces, and profiles | |
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Channels | |
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Using Histograms and the Info Palette | |
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Setting up a Workflow Stay organized | |
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Workflow programs: Aperture and lightroom | |
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Importing an Image | |
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Scanning | |
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Getting Started Editing an Image | |
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Adjusting an Image Levels | |
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Curves | |
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Adjusting Part of an Image Selections | |
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More Techniques Layers | |
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Filters | |
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Retouching | |
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Sharpening | |
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Compositing | |
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Making a Digital Image Step by Step | |
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Soft Proofing | |
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Printing | |
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Storage, Archiving, Retrieval | |
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Ethics and Digital Imaging | |
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Seeing Like a Camera | |
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What's in the Picture The edges or frame | |
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The background | |
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Depth of Field Which parts are sharp | |
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Time and Motion in a Photograph | |
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Depth in a Picture Three dimensions become two | |
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Chaos becomes order | |
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Photographing for Meaning | |
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Portraits Informal: Finding them | |
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Formal: Setting them up | |
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Photographing the Landscape | |
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Photographing the Cityscape | |
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Photographing Inside | |
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Responding to Photographs | |
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How to Learn More | |
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Troubleshooting | |
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Glossary | |
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Photo Credits | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |