| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| A Note on Energy Values and Conversions | |
| |
| |
| Plates | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Structure of Oil and Gas Reservoirs | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Natural Gas Resource Triangle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unconventional Natural Gas and Oil Plays in the United States | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Barnett and Eagle Ford Shale Formations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Marcellus and Utica Shale Formations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Bakken Shale Formation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Process for Liquefying Natural Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
| The South Pars and North Fields of Qatar and Iran | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Shale Gas Basins of China | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Constricted Sea Lanes of the Middle East | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Constricted Sea Lanes of Southeast Asia | |
| |
| |
| |
| The South China Sea and Its Contested Regions: Paracel Islands, the Spratly Islands, the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, and the Scarborough Shoal | |
| |
| |
| |
| Principal Shale Basins of Western Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Nord Stream Pipeline | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pipelines of the Southern Corridor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gas Fields of Southern South America | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Map of Central Asia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Major International Pipelines from Iran and Central Asia Eastward | |
| |
| |
| |
| Turkmenistan's Key Pipelines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pipelines from the Caspian Sea Westward | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gas Fields of the Eastern Mediterranean | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gas Fields of Tanzania and Mozambique | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Monterey Shale | |
| |
| |
| |
| Typical Methane Hydrate Deposits | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Pressure and Temperature Interface for Methane Hydrates | |
| |
| |
| |
| To the Brink of Innovation | |
| |
| |
| World Energy-A Rapid Tour of the Past 200 Years | |
| |
| |
| Hydrocarbons: From the Beginnings to Maturity | |
| |
| |
| A Rude Awakening | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Oil and Natural Gas at the Turn of the Millennium | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| They Call It a Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The Early History of Natural Gas | |
| |
| |
| The Creation of Oil and Natural Gas | |
| |
| |
| The Basics of Extraction, Production, and Completion | |
| |
| |
| Hydraulic Fracturing | |
| |
| |
| Horizontal Drilling | |
| |
| |
| Contrasting Conventional and Unconventional Gas and Oil Production Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Unconventional Gas Resources and Production in the United States | |
| |
| |
| The U.S. Position in Natural Gas | |
| |
| |
| World Natural Gas Resources | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Liquid Natural Gas and the World Gas Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Creating and Shipping LNG | |
| |
| |
| The LNG Industry | |
| |
| |
| The LNG Infrastructure Today | |
| |
| |
| The Potential for Exports of U.S. Natural Gas | |
| |
| |
| LNG Pricing and Markets | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Environmental Costs and Benefits | |
| |
| |
| Water Supply | |
| |
| |
| Fracking Fluid | |
| |
| |
| Hydraulic Fracturing and Aquifers | |
| |
| |
| "Produced Water" | |
| |
| |
| Air Quality and the Industry's Carbon Footprint | |
| |
| |
| Physical Effects at the Earth's Surface | |
| |
| |
| The Social Dimension | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion: From Coal to Natural Gas or from Natural Gas to Coal? | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The United States and China | |
| |
| |
| Energy in the United States and China | |
| |
| |
| China's Shale Gas Resources | |
| |
| |
| Energy Imports for China and the United States | |
| |
| |
| The Geopolitical Dimension of Energy Imports | |
| |
| |
| The Shale Gas Revolution and the Future of Energy Geopolitics | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The World's Other Large Economies | |
| |
| |
| Japan | |
| |
| |
| The Eurozone Economies: Germany, France, and Italy | |
| |
| |
| Russian Federation | |
| |
| |
| United Kingdom | |
| |
| |
| India and Brazil | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Other Contending Nations | |
| |
| |
| Iran, Qatar, and Iraq | |
| |
| |
| Central Asia and Turkey | |
| |
| |
| The "Quiet Exporters" | |
| |
| |
| Poland and Ukraine | |
| |
| |
| Australia | |
| |
| |
| The Eastern Mediterranean | |
| |
| |
| Mozambique and Tanzania | |
| |
| |
| Argentina | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Next Energy Revolutions | |
| |
| |
| The Shale Oil Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The Bakken Play | |
| |
| |
| The Eagle Ford in Texas | |
| |
| |
| The Monterey Shale | |
| |
| |
| The Tight Oil Effect | |
| |
| |
| A Methane Hydrate Energy Revolution? | |
| |
| |
| A Concluding Note | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |