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Preface | |
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Units, Dimensions, and Standards | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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SI Mechanical Units | |
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Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes | |
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SI Electrical Units | |
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SI Temperature Scales | |
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Other Unit Systems | |
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Dimensions | |
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Standards | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Measurement Errors | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Gross Errors and Systematic Errors | |
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Absolute Errors and Relative Errors | |
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Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, and Significant Figures | |
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Measurement Error Combinations | |
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Basics of Statistical Analysis | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Electromechanical Instruments | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Permanent-Magnet Moving-Coil Instrument | |
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Galvanometer | |
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DC Ammeter | |
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DC Voltmeter | |
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Rectifier Voltmeter | |
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Rectifier Ammeter | |
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Deflection Instrument Errors | |
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Series Ohmmeter | |
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Shunt Ohmmeter | |
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Volt-Ohm-Milliameter | |
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Electrodynamic Instrument | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Analog Electronic Volt-Ohm-Milliammeters | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Transistor Voltmeter Circuits | |
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Operational Amplifier Voltmeter Circuits | |
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Ohmmeter Function in Electronic Instruments | |
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AC Electronic Voltmeters | |
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Current Measurement with Electronic Instruments | |
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Analog Electronic Multimeters | |
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Multimeter Probes | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Digital Instrument Basics | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Logic Gates | |
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Flip-Flops | |
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Digital Displays | |
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Digital Counting | |
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Analog-to-Digital Converter | |
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Digital-to-Analog Converter | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Digital Voltmeters and Frequency Meters | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Digital Voltmeter Systems | |
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Digital Multimeters | |
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Digital Frequency Meter System | |
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Frequency Meter Accuracy | |
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Time and Ratio Measurements | |
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Counter Input Stage | |
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Counter/Timer/Frequency Meter | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Low, High, and Precise Resistance Measurements | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Voltmeter and Ammeter Methods | |
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Substitution Method | |
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Wheatstone Bridge | |
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Low-Resistance Measurement | |
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Low-Resistance Measuring Instruments | |
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High-Resistance Measurement | |
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High-Resistance Measuring Instruments | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Inductance and Capacitance Measurements | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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RC and RL Equivalent Circuits | |
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AC Bridge Theory | |
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Capacitance Bridges | |
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Inductance Bridges | |
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Multifunction Impedance Bridge | |
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Measuring Small C, R, and L Quantities | |
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Digital L, C, and R Measurements | |
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Digital RCL Meter | |
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Q Meter | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Cathode-Ray Tube | |
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Deflection Amplifiers | |
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Waveform Display | |
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Oscilloscope Time Base | |
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Dual-Trace Oscilloscope | |
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Oscilloscope Controls | |
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Measurement of Voltage, Frequency, and Phase | |
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Pulse Measurements | |
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Oscilloscope Probes | |
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Display of Device Characteristics | |
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X-Y and Z Displays | |
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Oscilloscope Specifications and Performance | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Special Oscilloscopes | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Delayed-Time-Base Oscilloscopes | |
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Analog Storage Oscilloscope | |
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Sampling Oscilloscopes | |
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Digital Storage Oscilloscopes | |
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DSO Applications | |
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Representative DSO | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Signal Generators | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Low-Frequency Signal Generators | |
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Function Generators | |
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Pulse Generators | |
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RF Signal Generators | |
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Sweep Frequency Generators | |
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Frequency Synthesizer | |
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Arbitrary Waveform Generator | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Instrument Calibration | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Comparison Methods | |
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Digital Multimeters as Standard Instruments | |
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Calibration Instruments | |
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Potentiometers | |
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Potentiometer Calibration Methods | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Graphic Recording Instruments | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Strip Chart Recorders | |
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X-Y Recorder | |
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Plotting Device Characteristics on an X-Y Recorder | |
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Plotters | |
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Digital Waveform Recorder/Analyzer | |
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Review Questions | |
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Waveform Analyzing Instruments | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Distortion Meter | |
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Spectrum Analyzer | |
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Digital Spectrum Analyzer | |
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Additional Waveform Analyzing Instruments | |
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Review Questions | |
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Miscellaneous Meters | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Thermocouple Instruments | |
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Peak Response Voltmeter | |
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True RMS Meters | |
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Low-Level Voltmeter/Ammeter | |
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Review Questions | |
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Laboratory Power Supplies | |
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Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Unregulated DC Power Supplies | |
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DC Voltage Regulators | |
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Output Current Limiting | |
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Power Supply Performance and Specifications | |
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DC Power Supply Use | |
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Power Supply Testing | |
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Review Questions | |
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Problems | |
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Appendices | |
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Unit Conversion Factors | |
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Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems | |
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Index | |