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| Preface | |
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| Perspectives on the Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness | |
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| A Brief Introduction to the Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness | |
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| Definition of Medical Sociology | |
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| Historical Development of Medical Sociology | |
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| Sociology's Contribution to Understanding Health, Healing, and Illness | |
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| The Role of the Medical Sociologist in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Question | |
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| References | |
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| The Development of Scientific Medicine | |
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| A Brief History of Medicine | |
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| Early Humans | |
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| The Egyptian Civilization | |
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| Greek and Roman Societies | |
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| The Medieval Era | |
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| Medicine in the Renaissance | |
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| Medicine from 1600 to 1900 | |
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| The Ascendancy of Medical Authority in America | |
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| Perspectives on the Ascendancy of Medical Authority | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Question | |
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| References | |
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| The Influence of the Social Environment on Health and Illness | |
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| Social Epidemiology | |
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| The Work of the Epidemiologist | |
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| The Epidemiological Transition | |
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| Life Expectancy and Mortality | |
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| Infant Mortality | |
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| Maternal Mortality | |
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| Morbidity | |
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| Disability | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| Society, Disease, and Illness | |
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| The Interrelationship of Fundamental Causes and Proximate Risk Factors: The Case of Developing Countries | |
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| The Influence of Genetic Transmission on Disease and Illness | |
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| Cardiovascular Diseases | |
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| Cancer | |
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| HIV/AIDS | |
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| Alzheimer's Disease | |
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| Mental Illness | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| Social Stress | |
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| Definition of Stress | |
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| Historical Development of the Stress Concept | |
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| A Model of Social Stress | |
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| Stressors | |
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| Appraisal of Stressors | |
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| Mediators of Stress: Coping and Social Support | |
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| Stress Outcomes | |
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| The Role of Social Class, Race, and Gender in Social Stress | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| Health and Illness behavior | |
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| Health Behavior | |
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| The Concept of Health | |
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| Health Behavior | |
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| Describing Individual Health Behaviors | |
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| Explaining Health Behavior | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Cases | |
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| References | |
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| Experiencing Illness and Disability | |
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| Stages of Illness Experience | |
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| Symptom Experience | |
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| Assumption of the Sick Role; Illness as Deviance | |
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| Medical Care Contact/Self-Care | |
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| Dependent-Patient Role | |
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| Recovery and Rehabilitation | |
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| Experiencing Chronic Illness, Impairment, and Disability | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Question | |
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| References | |
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| Health Care Practitioners and Their Relationship with Patients | |
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| Physicians and the Profession of Medicine | |
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| The Profession of Medicine | |
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| The Social Control of Medicine | |
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| The Number, Composition, and Distribution of Physicians in the United States | |
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| Female Physicians | |
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| Physician Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction | |
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| Physician Impairment: Stresses and Strains of the Physician Role | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| Medical Education and the Socialization of Physicians | |
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| The History of Medical Education | |
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| Modern Medical Education | |
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| The Medical School Experience: Attitude and Value Acquisition | |
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| The Medical School Experience: Stress | |
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| The Medical School Experience: Career Choices | |
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| Future Directions in U.S. Medical Education | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| Nurses, Mid-Level Health Care Practitioners, and Allied Health Workers | |
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| Evolution of Nonphysician Health Care Practitioners | |
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| Nurses and the Field of Nursing | |
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| Mid-Level Health Care Practitioners | |
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| Allied Health Workers | |
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| The Health Care Team | |
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| Relationships among Health Care Workers | |
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| The Changing Environment among Health Care Workers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Question | |
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| References | |
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| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | |
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| The Meaning of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) | |
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| Scientific Medicine and Alternative Healing | |
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| Complementary and Alternative Healers | |
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| Chiropractic | |
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| Acupuncture | |
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| Spiritual Healing and Christian Science | |
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| Ethnic Folk Healing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| The Physician-Patient Relationship: Background and Models | |
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| Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship | |
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| Key Dimensions of the Physician-Patient Relationship | |
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| The Influence of Social Class, Race, and Symptomology on the Physician-Patient Relationship | |
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| The Influence of Gender on the Physician-Patient Relationship | |
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| Patient Satisfaction with Physicians | |
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| Patient Compliance with Medical Regimens | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| Professional and Ethical Obligations of Physicians in the Physician-Patient Relationship | |
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| Truth-telling as an Issue | |
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| Confidentiality as an Issue | |
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| Obligation to Treat AIDS Patients | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Cases | |
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| References | |
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| The Health Care System | |
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| The Health Care System of the United States | |
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| Rating the United States Health Care System | |
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| The United States Health Care System | |
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| Health Care Expenditures | |
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| Explanations for Rapidly Increasing Health Care Costs | |
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| America's Uninsured Population | |
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| Cost Containment: Limited Prospective Budgeting, Rationing, and Managed Care | |
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| The Politics of Health Care Reform | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Cases | |
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| References | |
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| Health Care Delivery | |
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| The Emergence of Freestanding Ambulatory Care Sites | |
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| The Flourishing of Managed Care Systems: HMOs and PPOs | |
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| Emergence of the Modern Hospital | |
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| Home Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health Care on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| The Social Implications of Advanced Health Care Technology | |
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| Health Care Technology | |
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| The Right to Refuse or Demand Advanced Health Care Technology | |
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| Organ Donation and Transplantation | |
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| Assisted Procreation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Case | |
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| References | |
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| Comparative Health Care Systems | |
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| Major Influences on Health Care Systems | |
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| Health Care Services in Developing and Industrialized Countries | |
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| Types of Health Care Systems | |
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| China | |
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| Russia | |
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| Canada | |
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| Great Britain | |
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| Common Challenges to Health Care Systems Around the World | |
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| Summary | |
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| Health on the Internet | |
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| Key Concepts and Terms | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Photo Credits | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |