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| Foreword | |
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| Series Editor's Preface | |
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| About The Author | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definitions | |
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| The West Invents Modernity | |
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| Was there an Industrial Revolution? | |
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| The Industrial Revolution and Western Power | |
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| Shock and Awe in the Periphery | |
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| The Premodern World | |
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| From Premodern to Modern | |
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| Coming to Grips with the West | |
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| Catching the West: Precocious Egypt | |
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| Catching the West: Meiji Japan | |
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| The Periphery Fights Back | |
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| Modernization in the Colonies | |
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| The Structure of this Book | |
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| Notes | |
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| Porfirio D�az: Importing Modernity | |
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| Spain's Jewel in the Crown | |
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| Rich Colony | |
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| Struggling Republic | |
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| Years of Chaos | |
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| La Reform and the French Invasion | |
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| The Rise of Porfirio Diaz | |
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| Diaz in Power | |
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| Modernizing Mexico | |
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| The Diaz System | |
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| Premodern Mexico | |
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| Railroads: Touchstones of Modernity | |
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| The American Connection | |
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| Exports versus Indians | |
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| Indians and Immigrants | |
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| Industrializing Mexico | |
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| The New Economy Breeds Unrest | |
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| Educating the Masses | |
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| Toward the Revolution | |
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| Sources | |
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| Porfirio D�az, Memorias | |
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| Mexico through American Eyes | |
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| A Cientifico Analyzes the Porfiriato | |
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| Diaz Campaign Image | |
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| Notes | |
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| Menelik II: Africa's Modernizing Lion | |
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| An Ancient People | |
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| An Ambitious King | |
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| Appropriating European Power | |
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| Italy's Empire in Africa | |
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| Fortifying Shoa | |
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| Menelik Becomes Emperor | |
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| Imperial Rivalries | |
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| The Battle of Adowa | |
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| Suddenly �Civilized� | |
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| Repercussions of Adowa | |
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| Forging a Centralized State | |
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| Economic Change | |
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| Menelik's Concessions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Sources | |
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| Menelik Writes to the King of Italy | |
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| Ethiopia from a British Diplomat's Perspective | |
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| Ethiopia's Economy through American Eyes | |
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| Ethiopian Railroad Stock Certificate | |
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| Notes | |
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| Sun Yatsen: Revolutionary Outsider | |
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| The World's Greatest Premodern State | |
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| Barbarians at the Gate | |
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| Self-Strengthening to Save the Empire | |
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| Sun Yatsen and the Overseas Chinese | |
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| From Medicine to Politics | |
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| From Reformer to Revolutionary | |
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| Revolution from Afar | |
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| The Boxers | |
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| Blueprint for a New China | |
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| A Decade of Change | |
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| Creating the Republic | |
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| Developing China | |
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| A Second Revolution | |
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| Unlikely Anti-Imperialist | |
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| Redefining the Three Principles | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Sources | |
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| Sun Yatsen Pleads for Reform, 1894 | |
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| Sun Yatsen Issues the Republican Manifesto, 1912 | |
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| Sun Yatsen Explains the Principle of Livelihood, 1912 | |
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| A Picture of Rural Life in China | |
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| Notes | |
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| Notes | |
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| Mustafa Kemal: Muslim Modernity | |
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| Europe's �Other� | |
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| Early Efforts at Reform | |
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| Reforming a Multicultural Empire | |
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| The Rise of Mustafa Kemal | |
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| The Young Turks | |
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| Mustafa Kemal, War Hero | |
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| From Empire to Republic | |
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| A Revolutionary Republic | |
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| The First Wave | |
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| The New Woman | |
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| Modernizing the Mind | |
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| Reforming the Language | |
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| �Turkification� or Westernization? | |
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| Failed Opposition | |
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| Modernizing the Economy | |
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| Legacy of Reform | |
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| Sources | |
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| Mustafa Kami's Great Speech | |
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| The Idea of the Republic | |
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| Abolishing the Sultanate | |
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| Suppressing the Republic's Enemies | |
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| Early Reforms | |
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| Notes | |
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| Epilogue: Making Connections the Roads to Modernity | |
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| Centralization | |
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| Infrastructure and Industry | |
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| Secularization | |
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| National Identity | |
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| Democracy | |
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| Social Engineering | |
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| Modernization and the Cold War | |
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| Modernization or Westernization? | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |