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| Introduction to Educational Technology | |
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| Introduction to Learning and Technology | |
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| Welcome | |
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| Making a Comparison: A Construction Metaphor | |
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| Vision of the Text: Where Are We Going? | |
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| Learning | |
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| What Exactly Is Learning? | |
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| How Does Learning Typically Occur? | |
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| Why Is the Study of Learning Important? | |
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| Plan, Implement, Evaluate (PIE): A Reliable Model to Impact Learning | |
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| How Can the Learning Experience Be Enhanced? | |
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| The Teacher as Instructional Expert | |
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| The Learning Environment: Shifts Toward Learner-Centered Instruction | |
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| Technology | |
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| Why Is the Study of Technology Important? | |
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| What Exactly Is Educational Technology? | |
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| How Is Educational Technology Utilized? | |
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| What Is the Meaningful Integration of Technology? | |
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| How Is the Meaningful Integration of Technology Accomplished? | |
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| The Role of Instruction | |
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| Instructional Design | |
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| Instructional Media | |
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| Instructional Computing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Theory into Application | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Value of Theory | |
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| Learning Theory | |
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| Behavioral Perspective | |
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| Information Processing Perspective | |
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| Constructivist Perspective | |
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| Selecting Theoretical Principles | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Computers and Computer Tools for Teaching and Learning | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Understanding Computer Systems | |
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| Hardware | |
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| Software | |
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| Computer Operation | |
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| Computer System Evaluation and Acquisition | |
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| Troubleshooting Computer Problems | |
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| Computer as Teacher, Learner, and Assistant | |
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| Computer Tools | |
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| Word Processors | |
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| Graphics Tools | |
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| Presentation Software | |
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| Computer Databases | |
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| Electronic Spreadsheets | |
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| Telecommunications Tools | |
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| Other Tools | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Planning the Technology-Enhanced Learning Experience | |
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| Technology and Instructional Situations: Understanding Learners, Learning Objectives, and Learning Environments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Instructional Planning | |
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| Students | |
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| Gender | |
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| Socioeconomic Status | |
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| Culture and Ethnicity | |
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| Existing Knowledge of the Content | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Learning Style | |
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| Special Needs | |
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| Technology Literacy | |
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| Diversity as an Asset | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Sources of Objectives | |
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| Specifying Lesson Objectives | |
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| Composing Objectives | |
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| Learning Environment | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Technology and Instructional Planning: Identifying the Plan's Key Activities | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Developing Instructional Activities | |
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| Motivation Activities | |
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| Orientation Activities | |
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| Information Activities | |
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| Application Activities | |
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| Evaluation Activities | |
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| Instructional Plans as Heuristic Guides | |
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| Making Plans Congruent | |
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| Practical Benefits of Plans | |
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| Before Instruction | |
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| During Instruction | |
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| After Instruction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Instructional Methods: Identifying Ways to Involve Learners | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Are Instructional Methods and Why Are They Important? | |
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| Presentation | |
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| Demonstration | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Games | |
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| Simulation | |
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| Cooperative Learning | |
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| Discovery | |
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| Problem Solving | |
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| Drill and Practice | |
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| Tutorial | |
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| Can You Combine Methods? | |
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| Which Method(s) to Use? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Instructional Media: Involving Multiple Senses of Learners | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Instructional Media | |
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| Text | |
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| Visuals | |
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| Audio | |
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| Video | |
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| Real Objects and Models | |
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| Multimedia | |
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| Which Medium? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Technology and Instructional Material Selection, Adaptation, and Creation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Instructional Materials | |
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| Instructional Materials, Methods, and Media: How They Work Together to Ensure Learning | |
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| When and Where Are Instructional Materials Included within the Learning Plan? | |
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| Determining the Value of Instructional Materials | |
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| Where Do We Acquire Instructional Materials? | |
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| Selecting Existing Instructional Materials | |
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| Modifying Available Instructional Materials | |
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| Creating New Instructional Materials | |
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| Formative Evaluation of Instructional Materials | |
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| Locating, Adapting, Creating, and Evaluating Instructional Materials: How Can Technology Help? | |
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| Copyright Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Meaningful Integration of Technology | |
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| Integration of Computers to Support Learning | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Technology Integration Process: Preparing to Integrate the Computer in the Learning Experience | |
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| Computer as Teacher | |
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| Scenario: States and Capitals | |
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| Categories of Computer-Assisted Instruction | |
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| Integrated Learning Systems | |
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| Problems and Pitfalls | |
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| Computer as Assistant | |
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| Scenario: Stock Market Game | |
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| Common Computer Assistant Tools | |
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| Problems and Pitfalls | |
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| Computer as Learner (Student as Teacher) | |
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| Scenario: Multimedia Reports | |
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| Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring | |
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| Problems and Pitfalls | |
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| Issues Involved in Integrating the Use of Computers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Integration of the Internet to Support Learning | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Technology Integration Process: Preparing to Integrate the Internet in the Learning Experience | |
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| What Is the Internet and How Do I Connect? | |
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| Uses of the Internet | |
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| Communication | |
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| Information Retrieval | |
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| Information Publishing | |
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| Internet Applications for Communication | |
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| E-Mail and Mailing Lists | |
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| Newsgroups | |
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| Instant Messaging and Chat | |
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| Others | |
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| Classroom Applications | |
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| Internet Applications for Information Retrieval | |
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| Scavenger Hunts | |
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| WebQuests | |
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| Classroom Applications | |
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| Internet Applications for Information Publishing | |
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| Web Authoring | |
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| Classroom Applications | |
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| Problems and Pitfalls | |
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| Issues Involved in the Use of the Internet in the Classroom | |
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| Copyright and Fair Use of Materials on the Web | |
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| Security and Information Privacy | |
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| Evaluating the Quality of Websites | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Integration of Distance Education to Support Learning | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Technology Integration Process: Preparing to Integrate Distance Education in the Learning Experience | |
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| What Is Distance Education? | |
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| Distance Education Technologies | |
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| Audio-Based Technologies | |
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| Video-Based Technologies | |
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| Computer-Based Technologies | |
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| Planning for Distance Education | |
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| Benefits of Distance Education | |
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| Understanding the Distance Education Learner | |
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| Preparing for Distance Education | |
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| Problems and Pitfalls | |
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| Implementing Distance Education | |
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| Distance Education Examples | |
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| Strategies for Teaching at a Distance | |
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| Assessing Student Performance in Distance Education | |
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| Utilization Guidelines for Distance Education | |
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| Issues Related to Distance Education | |
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| Copyright | |
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| Support | |
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| Policy Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Ensuring Successful Technology-Enhanced Learning Experiences | |
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| Evaluation of Students and Materials | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Evaluation? | |
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| Why Evaluate? | |
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| Evaluating the Students | |
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| Evaluating the Instruction | |
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| How to Evaluate | |
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| Techniques to Evaluate Student Learning | |
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| Techniques to Evaluate Instruction | |
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| Summary of Techniques to Evaluate Instruction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Technology and Learning Today and Tomorrow | |
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| Issues in Integrating Technology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| How Can the Integration of Technology Be Effectively Accomplished? | |
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| What Barriers to Integration of Technology May Be Encountered? | |
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| What Are the Costs Involved? | |
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| How Can We Address and Overcome the Barriers to Integration? | |
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| What Additional Issues May the Integration of Technology Create? | |
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| Equity and Other Issues of Access | |
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| Legal, Ethical, and Security Issues | |
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| Why Invest the Time, Energy, and Cost into the Integration of Technology? | |
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| Technology as a Means to Address Difficulties in Teaching and Learning | |
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| Technology as a Change Agent | |
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| Technology as a Means to Maintain Economic Competitiveness | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| Trends in Educational Technology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Educational Technology in the Past | |
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| Instructional Design Roots | |
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| Educational Media Roots | |
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| Educational Computing Roots | |
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| Educational Technology Today | |
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| Educational Technology Status | |
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| Educational Technology in the Schools of Today | |
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| Educational Technology in the Future | |
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| Horizon Technologies | |
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| Schooling and Education in the Future | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Resources | |
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| National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) for Teachers | |
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| Kevin Spencer's Sample Lesson Plan (Civil War Unit) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |