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| Preface | |
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| Vertebrate Diversity, Function, and Evolution | |
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| The Diversity, Classification, and Evolution of Vertebrates | |
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| The Vertebrate Story | |
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| Classification of Vertebrates | |
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| Traditional and Cladistic Classifications | |
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| Earth History and Vertebrate Evolution | |
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| Vertebrate Relationships and Basic Structure | |
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| Vertebrates in Relation to Other Animals | |
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| Definition of a Vertebrate | |
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| Basic Vertebrate Structure | |
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| Early Vertebrates: Jawless Vertebrates and the Origin of Jawed Vertebrates | |
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| Reconstructing the Biology of the Earliest Vertebrates | |
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| Extant Jawless Fishes | |
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| The Radiation of Paleozoic Jawless Vertebrates--"Ostracoderms" | |
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| The Transition from Jawless to Jawed Vertebrates | |
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| Extinct Paleozoic Jawed Fishes | |
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| Aquatic Vertebrates: Cartilaginous and Bony Fishes | |
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| Living in Water | |
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| The Aquatic Environment | |
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| Water and the Sensory World of Fishes | |
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| The Internal Environment of Vertebrates | |
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| Exchange of Water and Ions | |
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| Responses to Temperature | |
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| Radiation of the Chondrichthyes | |
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| Chondrichthyes--The Cartilaginous Fishes | |
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| Evolutionary Specializations of Chondrichthyes | |
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| The Paleozoic Chondrichthyan Radiation | |
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| The Early Mesozoic Elasmobranch Radiation | |
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| The Extant Radiation--Sharks, Skates, and Rays | |
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| Holocephali--The Bizarre Chondrichthyans | |
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| Dominating Life in Water: The Major Radiation of Fishes | |
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| The Appearance of Bony Fishes | |
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| Extant Sarcopterygii--Lobe-Finned Fishes | |
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| Extant Actinopterygii--Ray-Finned Fishes | |
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| Actinopterygian Reproduction and Conservation | |
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| The Adaptable Fish--Teleost Communities in Contrasting Environments | |
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| Geography and Ecology of the Paleozoic | |
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| Earth History, Changing Environments, and Vertebrate Evolution | |
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| Continental Geography of the Paleozoic | |
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| Paleozoic Climates | |
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| Paleozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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| Early Paleozoic Extinctions | |
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| Terrestrial Ectotherms: Amphibians, Turtles, Lepidosaurs, and Archosaurs | |
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| Origin and Radiation of Tetrapods and Modifications for Life on Land | |
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| Modifications for Life on Land | |
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| Tetrapod Origins | |
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| Radiation and Diversity of Nonamniote Paleozoic Tetrapods | |
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| Amniotes | |
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| Salamanders, Anurans, and Caecilians | |
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| Amphibians | |
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| Diversity of Life Histories of Amphibians | |
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| Amphibian Metamorphosis | |
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| Exchange of Water and Gases | |
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| Poison Glands and Other Defense Mechanisms | |
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| Mimicry | |
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| Why are Amphibians Vanishing? | |
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| Turtles | |
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| Everyone Recognizes a Turtle | |
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| But What Is a Turtle? Phylogenetic Relationships of Turtles | |
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| Turtle Structure and Functions | |
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| Ecology and Behavior of Turtles | |
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| Conservation of Turtles | |
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| The Lepidosaurs: Tuatara, Lizards, and Snakes | |
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| The Lepidosaurs | |
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| Radiation of Sphenodontids and the Biology of Tuatara | |
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| Radiation of Squamates | |
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| Ecology and Behavior of Squamates | |
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| Thermoregulation | |
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| Temperature and Ecology of Squamates | |
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| Ectothermy: A Low-Cost Approach to Life | |
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| Vertebrates and Their Environments | |
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| Heat--Ectotherms in Deserts | |
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| Cold--Ectotherms in Subzero Conditions | |
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| The Role of Ectothermal Tetrapods in Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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| Geograzphy and Ecology of the Mesozoic | |
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| Mesozoic Continental Geography | |
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| Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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| Mesozoic Diapsids: Dinosaurs, Crocodilians, and Others | |
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| Mesozoic Fauna | |
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| Phylogenetic Relationships among Diapsids | |
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| The Archosauromorpha | |
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| Archosauria | |
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| Dinosaurs | |
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| The Ornithischian Dinosaurs | |
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| The Saurischian Dinosaurs | |
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| Dinosaur Soft Parts and Temperature Regulation | |
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| Marine Diapsids--Placodonts, Plesiosaurs, and Ichthyosaurs | |
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| Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Late Mesozoic | |
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| Late Cretaceous Extinctions | |
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| Endotherms: Birds and Mammals | |
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| The Evolution of Birds and the Origin of Flight | |
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| The Evolution of Endothermy | |
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| Activity and Metabolism | |
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| Birds as Feathered Dinosaurs | |
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| Archaeopteryx and the Origin of Flight | |
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| Early Birds | |
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| Birds as Flying Machines | |
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| Body Form and Flight | |
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| Feeding, Digestion, and Excretion | |
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| The Hindlimbs and Locomotion | |
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| The Ecology and Behavior of Birds | |
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| Birds as Model Organisms | |
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| The Sensory Systems | |
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| Social Behavior and Reproduction | |
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| Imprinting and Learning | |
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| Migration and Navigation | |
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| The Synapsida and the Evolution of Mammals | |
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| The Origin of Synapsids | |
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| Diversity of Nonmammalian Synapsids | |
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| Evolutionary Trends in Synapsids | |
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| The First Mammals | |
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| Geography and Ecology of the Cenozoic | |
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| Cenozoic Continental Geography | |
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| Cenozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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| Cenozoic Climates | |
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| Cenozoic Extinctions | |
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| Mammalian Characteristics and Diversity | |
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| Features Shared by All Mammals | |
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| Major Lineages of Mammals | |
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| Cenozoic Mammal Evolution | |
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| Mammalian Specializations | |
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| Mammalian Reproduction | |
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| Some Extreme Eutherian Reproductive Specializations | |
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| Are Eutherians Reproductively Superior to Marsupials? | |
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| Specializations for Feeding | |
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| Specializations for Locomotion | |
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| Specializations of the Sensory Systems | |
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| Endothermy: A High-Energy Approach to Life | |
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| Endothermal Thermoregulation | |
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| Energy Budgets of Vertebrates | |
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| Endotherms in the Arctic | |
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| Migration to Avoid Difficult Conditions | |
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| Torpor as a Response to Low Temperatures and Limited Food | |
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| Endotherms in Deserts | |
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| Body Size, Ecology, and Sociality of Mammals | |
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| Social Behavior | |
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| Population Structure and the Distribution of Resources | |
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| Advantages of Sociality | |
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| Body Size, Diet, and the Structure of Social Systems | |
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| Primate Societies | |
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| Primate Evolution and the Emergence of Humans | |
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| Primate Origins and Diversification | |
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| Origin and Evolution of the Hominoidea | |
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| Origin and Evolution of Humans | |
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| Evolution of Human Characteristics--Bipedality, Larger Brains, and Language | |
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| The Impact of Humans on Other Species of Vertebrates | |
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| Humans and the Pleistocene Extinctions | |
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| Humans and Recent Extinctions | |
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| Organismal Biology and Conservation | |
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| The Paradoxes of Conservation | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Credits | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Author Index | |