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| Preface | |
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| A Tour of Computer Systems | |
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| Information Is Bits + Context | |
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| Programs Are Translated by Other Programs into Different Forms | |
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| It Pays to Understand How Compilation Systems Work | |
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| Processors Read and Interpret Instructions Stored in Memory. Caches Matter | |
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| Storage Devices Form a Hierarchy | |
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| The Operating System Manages the Hardware | |
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| Systems Communicate with Other Systems Using Networks | |
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| The Next Step | |
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| Program Structure and Execution | |
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| Representing and Manipulating Information | |
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| Information Storage | |
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| Integer Representations | |
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| Integer Arithmetic | |
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| Floating Point | |
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| Machine-Level Representation of Programs | |
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| A Historical Perspective | |
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| Program Encodings | |
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| Data Formats | |
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| Accessing Information | |
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| Arithmetic and Logical Operations | |
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| Control | |
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| Procedures | |
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| Array Allocation and Access | |
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| Heterogeneous Data Structures | |
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| Alignment | |
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| Putting It Together: Understanding Pointers | |
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| Life in the Real World: Using the GDB Debugger | |
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| Out-of-Bounds Memory References and Buffer Overflow | |
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| Floating-Point Code | |
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| Embedding Assembly Code in C Programs | |
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| Processor Architecture | |
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| The Y86 Instruction Set Architecture | |
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| Overview of Logic Design and the Hardware Control Language | |
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| A Sequential Implementation | |
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| General Principles of Pipelining | |
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| Pipelined Implementations | |
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| Optimizing Program Performance | |
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| Capabilities and Limitations of Optimizing Compilers | |
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| Expressing Program Performance | |
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| Program Example | |
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| Eliminating Loop Inefficiencies | |
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| Reducing Procedure Calls | |
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| Eliminating Unneeded Memory References | |
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| Understanding Modern Processors | |
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| Reducing Loop Overhead | |
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| Converting to Pointer Code | |
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| Enhancing Parallelism | |
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| Putting It Together: Summary of Results for Optimizing Combining Code | |
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| Branch Prediction and Misprediction Penalties | |
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| Understanding Memory Performance | |
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| Life in the Real World: Performance Improvement Techniques | |
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| Identifying and Eliminating Performance Bottlenecks | |
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| The Memory Hierarchy | |
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| Storage Technologies | |
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| Locality | |
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| The Memory Hierarchy | |
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| Cache Memories | |
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| Writing Cache-Friendly Code | |
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| Putting It Together: Exploiting Locality in Your Programs | |
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| Running Programs on a System | |
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| Linking | |
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| Compiler Drivers | |
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| Static Linking | |
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| Object Files | |
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| Relocatable Object Files | |
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| Symbols and Symbol Tables | |
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| Symbol Resolution | |
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| Relocation | |
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| Executable Object Files | |
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| Loading Executable Object Files | |
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| Dynamic Linking with Shared Libraries | |
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| Loading and Linking Shared Libraries from Applications | |
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| Position-Independent Code (PIC) | |
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| Tools for Manipulating Object Files | |
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| Exceptional Control Flow | |
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| Exceptions | |
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| Processes | |
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| System Calls and Error Handling | |
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| Process Control | |
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| Signals | |
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| Nonlocal Jumps | |
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| Tools for Manipulating Processes | |
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| Measuring Program Execution Time | |
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| The Flow of Time on a Computer Systems | |
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| Measuring Time by Interval Counting | |
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| Cycle Counters | |
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| Measuring Program Execution Time with Cycle Counters | |
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| Time-of-Day Measurements | |
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| Putting It Together: An Experimental Protocol | |
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| Looking into the Future | |
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| Life in the Real World: An Implementation of theK-Best Measurement Scheme | |
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| Lessons Learned | |
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| Virtual Memory. P | |