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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| [characters not reproducible] (Math Came Later) | |
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| An Eerie Sense of Deja Vu | |
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| Characteristics of Visual Information Systems | |
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| Query by Example and the Semantic Gap | |
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| What Do Users Really Need? | |
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| User Interaction with Image Archives | |
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| The Mysterious Case of the Disappearing Semantics | |
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| Signs and Meanings | |
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| Can Images Lie? | |
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| What Kind of Signs are Pictures? | |
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| The Association Between Text and Pictures | |
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| The Three Modalities of Signification | |
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| Linguistic Modality | |
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| Closed World Modality | |
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| The User Modality | |
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| The Quest for Formalization | |
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| How You Can Know You Are Right | |
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| The Role of Evaluation | |
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| Inadequacy of Traditional Evaluation Models | |
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| Basic Techniques | |
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| Measurements of Trial Results | |
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| Does the Difference Make a Difference? | |
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| Contextual Evaluation | |
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| Noncontextual Evaluation | |
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| Additional Pointers | |
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| De Re Visiva Principia Geometrica | |
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| Similarity | |
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| Preattentive Similarity | |
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| Psychological Models of Similarity | |
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| The Metric Axioms | |
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| Alternatives to the Distance Axioms | |
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| The Feature Contrast Model | |
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| Fuzzy Set-Theoretic Similarity | |
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| Fuzzy Features Contrast Model | |
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| Feature Dependence | |
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| Consideration of Geometric Distances | |
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| Metric and Similarity Structures | |
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| Variable Metric Structures | |
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| Distance Algebras | |
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| Similarity Algebras | |
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| Algebras for Variable Metric Structures | |
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| Systems with Limited Ontologies | |
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| Features | |
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| Color | |
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| Color Representation | |
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| The Perception of Colors | |
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| Texture | |
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| The Problem of Scale | |
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| Statistical Texture Features | |
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| Gabor Decomposition | |
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| Quadrature Mirror Filters | |
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| Histograms | |
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| Global Histograms | |
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| Discriminating Power of Histograms | |
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| Spatial Histograms | |
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| Segmentation | |
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| Clustering Methods | |
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| Region Merging and Region Splitting | |
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| Edge Flow | |
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| Shape Description and Similarity | |
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| The Contents of a Region | |
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| Region Shape | |
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| Spatial Relations | |
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| Similarity of Region Images | |
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| Systems with General Ontologies | |
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| Bases, Frames, and Transforms | |
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| Periodic Functions and the Fourier Transform | |
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| Frames | |
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| Group Representations and Image Transforms | |
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| Boundedness Modulo a Subgroup | |
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| Affine Wavelets | |
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| Other Wavelet-Generating Groups | |
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| Discrete Subgroups and Transforms | |
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| Quadrature Mirror Filters | |
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| Measuring the Distance | |
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| Point Distances | |
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| General Distances | |
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| Natural Distances | |
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| Invariance Properties | |
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| Approximate Representations | |
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| Vector Quantization | |
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| Quality of Representation | |
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| Approximate Distance Computation | |
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| Writing About Images | |
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| Automatic Text Analysis | |
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| Single Term Indexing | |
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| Term Weighting | |
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| The Vector Space Model | |
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| Latent Semantics | |
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| Relevance Feedback | |
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| Rocchio Algorithm | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Precision and Recall | |
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| Other Models | |
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| The Relation Between Text and Images | |
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| Some Truisms on Web Structures | |
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| That is Good, but Where are the Images? | |
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| Image-Text Integration | |
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| Visual Dictionary | |
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| Mutual Influence | |
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| e cerca e truova e quello officio adempie | |
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| Algebra and the Modern Query | |
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| A First Model of Image Data | |
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| A Quick Review of Relational Algebra | |
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| An Algebra for Image Databases | |
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| An Algebra of Scoring Functions | |
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| Complementation | |
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| Conjunction and Disjunction | |
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| Other Operators | |
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| Associative Operators | |
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| Weighted Combinations of Scores | |
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| A functional View of the Scoring Operators | |
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| A More Complete Data Model | |
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| Scoring Function and Operators | |
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| Image Structure and Feature Algebra | |
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| General Data Types | |
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| Image Features | |
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| Feature Algebras | |
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| Examples | |
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| Where Is My Image? | |
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| Who Cursed Dimensionality? | |
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| Framework and Definitions | |
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| Query Instability | |
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| Concentration of Measure | |
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| So, Now What? | |
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| Dimensionality Reduction | |
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| Singular Value Decomposition | |
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| Multidimensional Scaling | |
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| Space-Partitioning Techniques | |
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| The K-d Tree | |
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| R-Trees Style Trees | |
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| The R*-Tree | |
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| The TV-Tree | |
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| Indexing in Metric Spaces | |
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| Hashing | |
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| Nearest-Neighbor Search | |
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| A Cost Model | |
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| Of Mice and Men | |
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| Sign Systems | |
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| Semiotic Morphisms | |
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| Interface Spaces and Sign Systems | |
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| Relational Databases | |
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| Query-by-Example | |
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| Interaction Diagrams | |
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| Representation | |
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| User Response | |
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| Querying | |
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| Other Forms of User Dialog | |
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| Query-by-Example | |
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| Representation Techniques | |
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| Spring Embedding | |
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| Projection Pursuit | |
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| Clustering in the Output Space | |
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| Other Visualization Techniques | |
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| User Response | |
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| Direct Manipulation | |
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| Linguistic Features | |
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| Additional interaction | |
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| Query Creation | |
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| Image-text Integration | |
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| What Else? | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |