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| Preface | |
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| Induction | |
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| Development and Evolution of Neurons | |
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| Early Embryology of Metazoans | |
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| Neural Tissue Is Derived from Ectoderm | |
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| Interactions with Neighboring Tissues Are Required for the Ectoderm to Make Neural Tissue in Many Animals | |
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| Interactions among the Ectodermal Cells Control Neuroblast Segregation | |
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| Polarity and Regionalization | |
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| Regional Identity of the Nervous System | |
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| The Anterior--Posterior Axis and Hox Genes | |
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| Hox Gene Function | |
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| Signaling Molecules that Pattern the Anterior--Posterior Axis in Vertebrates | |
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| Organizing Centers in the Developing Brain | |
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| Forebrain Development, Prosomeres, and Pax Genes | |
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| Dorsal--Ventral Polarity in the Neural Tube | |
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| Molecular Basis of Dorsal--Ventral Polarity | |
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| Dorsal Neural Tube and Neural Crest | |
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| Birth and Migration | |
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| Cell Cycle Genes Control the Number of Neurons Generated during Development | |
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| Cell Interactions Control the Number of Neurons and Glia Generated | |
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| Cerebral Cortex Histogenesis | |
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| The Subventricular Zone: A Secondary Zone of Neurogenesis | |
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| Cerebellar Cortex Histogenesis | |
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| Postembryonic and Adult Neurogenesis | |
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| Determination and Differentiation | |
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| Transcriptional Control of Invariant Lineages | |
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| Position and Determination | |
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| Multiple Interactions in a Lineage-Based System with Asymmetric Cell Division | |
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| The Dominance of Cellular Interactions in the Determination of Drosophila Retinal Cells | |
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| Vertebrate Retinogenesis Has a Similar Developmental Strategy | |
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| Glial Cell Fate | |
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| Fate Decisions in the Vertebrate Neural Crest | |
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| Neuronal Fate in the Vertebrate Spinal Cord | |
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| Laminar Fate in the Cerebral Cortex | |
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| Positional Cues Determine Axonal Projection Patterns | |
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| Regulation of Phenotype by the Target | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Axon Growth and Guidance | |
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| Axonal Navigation | |
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| The Growth Cone | |
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| The Growing Zone | |
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| The Dynamic Cytoskeleton | |
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| Growth Cone Guidance | |
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| Mechanical Guidance | |
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| Adhesive Guidance | |
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| Extracellular Matrix and Axon Outgrowth | |
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| Cell Adhesion Molecules | |
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| Labeled Pathways and Global Guidance | |
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| Gradients of Diffusible Tropic Factors | |
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| Repulsive Factors | |
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| Axon Regeneration | |
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| Stop Factors | |
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| Signal Transduction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Target Selection | |
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| Cellular Target Recognition | |
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| Multicellular Targets | |
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| Secondary Targets | |
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| Targeting to the Correct Layer | |
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| Topographic Mapping | |
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| Mapping the Body | |
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| Somatotopy: Maps in the Brain and Their Modification | |
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| Visual Maps and the Theory of Chemospecificity | |
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| Determination of Retinotopic Identity | |
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| Shifting Connections, Fine Tuning, and Registration | |
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| Olfactory Maps | |
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| Computational Maps | |
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| Summary | |
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| Survival and Growth | |
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| What Does Neuron Death Look Like? | |
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| How Many Neurons Die? | |
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| Survival Depends on the Synaptic Target | |
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| NGF: A Target-Derived Survival Factor | |
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| NGF Is a Member of the Neurotrophin Family | |
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| There Is a Family of Neurotrophin Receptors | |
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| The Low-Affinity Neurotrophin Receptor | |
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| The Expanding World of Survival Factors | |
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| Endocrine Control of Cell Survival | |
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| Cell Death Requires Protein Synthesis | |
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| Intracellular Signaling | |
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| Caspases: Agents of Death | |
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| Regulating Death Proteins | |
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| Synaptic Transmission at the Target | |
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| Afferent Regulation of Cell Survival | |
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| Summary | |
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| Synapse Formation and Electric Function | |
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| Synaptogenesis | |
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| What Does Synapse Formation Look Like? | |
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| Where Do Synaptic Specializations Form? | |
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| Initial Signs of Synaptogenesis in Vitro | |
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| Role of Calcium during Presynaptic Differentiation | |
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| Second Messengers Mediate Presynaptic Differentiation | |
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| Molecular Signals and Presynaptic Differentiation | |
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| Receptor Clustering Signifies Postsynaptic Differentiation at NMI | |
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| Presynaptic Terminals Induce Receptor Aggregation | |
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| Agrin, a Transynaptic Clustering Signal | |
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| Postsynaptic Response to Agrin | |
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| Receptor Clustering Mechanisms in the CNS | |
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| Regulation of Receptor Expression and Synthesis | |
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| Neuronal Activity Limits Receptor Expression | |
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| ARIA, a Transynaptic Regulator of Transcription | |
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| Synaptic Transmission | |
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| Rapid Modulation of Release and Receptor Function | |
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| Maturation of Transmission and Receptor Isoform Transitions | |
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| Maturation of Transmitter Reuptake | |
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| Appearance of Synaptic Inhibition | |
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| Is Inhibition Really Inhibitory during Development? | |
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| Electrical Properties | |
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| Resting Potential and Membrane Properties | |
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| The Action Potential | |
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| Channel Diversity | |
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| Significance of Calcium Channel Expression | |
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| Regulation of Ionic Channel Expression | |
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| Summary | |
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| Refinement of Synaptic Connections | |
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| Rearranging Synaptic Connections | |
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| Functional Synapses Are Eliminated | |
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| Axonal Arbors Are Refined or Eliminated | |
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| Some Terminals Expand or Remain Stable | |
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| Neural Activity Regulates Synaptic Connections | |
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| Sensory Coding Properties Reflect Synapse Rearrangement | |
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| Activity Contributes to the Alignment of Sensory Maps | |
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| Spontaneous Activity and Afferent Segregation | |
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| Some Forms of Plasticity Have a Time Limit | |
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| Cellular Events during Synapse Elimination | |
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| Synapses Interact over a Short Distance | |
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| Effect of Disuse | |
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| Heterosynaptic Depression | |
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| Postsynaptic Receptors Are Eliminated | |
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| Involvement of Intracellular Calcium | |
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| NMDA Receptors and Calcium Signaling | |
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| The Role of Second Messenger Systems | |
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| Metabotropic Receptors: The Plot Broadens | |
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| Gain Control | |
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| Silent Synapses | |
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| Plasticity of Inhibitory Connections | |
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| Synaptic Influence on Neuron Morphology | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Behavioral Development | |
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| Behavioral Ontogeny | |
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| Cellular and Environmental Mechanisms | |
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| Environmental Determinants of Behavioral Development | |
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| Motor Behavior: The First Movements | |
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| Are the First Behaviors Spontaneous or Reflexive? | |
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| The Mechanism of Spontaneous Movements | |
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| Embryonic Movements: Uncoordinated or Integrated? | |
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| The Role of Activity in the Emergence of Coordinated Behavior | |
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| Embryo-Specific Behaviors | |
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| Motor Learning | |
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| Beginning to Make Sense of the World | |
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| Asking Babies Questions | |
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| Sharp Eyesight | |
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| Acute Hearing | |
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| Sex-Specific Behavior | |
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| Genetic Sex | |
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| Hormonal Signals | |
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| Hormonal Control of Brain Gender | |
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| Genetic Control of Brain Gender | |
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| Singing in the Brain | |
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| From Gonads to Brain? | |
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| Learning to Remember | |
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| Where's Mamma? | |
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| Fear and Loathing | |
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| Complex Tasks | |
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| Getting Information from One Brain to Another | |
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| Language | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |