Vitamins and the Immune System

Name: Vitamins and the Immune System
Price: 231.09 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780123869609

ISBN-10: 0123869609

ISBN-13: 9780123869609

Edition: 2011

Authors: Gerald Litwack

List price: $225.00

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Book details

List price: $225.00
Copyright year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology
Publication date: 5/9/2011
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 496
Size: 5.94" wide x 9.00" long x 1.00" tall
Weight: 1.782
Language: English

Trained in biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Dr. Litwack worked on enzymology and the effects of hormones on enzyme systems. Then he was a Postdoctoral Fellow of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis at the Biochemical Institute of the Sorbonne in Paris. Dr. Litwack's first position was as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at Rutgers University in 1954. Six years later, he joined the University of Pennsylvania as associate professor and four years later went to the Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, as full professor, eventually becoming Deputy Director of the Institute. In 1991, he accepted the Chair of Pharmacology at Thomas Jefferson…



Contributors


Preface



Vitamin D Regulation of Immune Function




Introduction



1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D Production in Cells of the Immune System: Comparisons to Renal Production



Role of Vitamin D in the Adaptive Immune Response (Fig. 1.2)



Clinical Implications of the Inhibition of the Adaptive Immune Response



Role of Vitamin D in the Innate Immune Response (Fig. 1.3)



Conclusion


Acknowledgments


References



Vitamin D and Innate and Adaptive Immunity




Introduction



Antibacterial Actions of Vitamin D



Vitamin D and Antigen Presentation



Vitamin D and Adaptive Immunity



Vitamin D, the Immune System and Human Health



Conclusions and Future Directions


References



Dendritic Cells Modified by Vitamin D: Future immunotherapy for Autoimmune Diseases




Introduction



DCs and Their Role in the Immune System



Vitamin D Metabolism in DCs



Modulation of DC Function by VDR



Application of VD<sub>3</sub>-Modulated DCs in Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases



Toward Development of Clinically Applicable VD<sub>3</sub>-DCs



Conclusions


References



Retinoic Acid, Immunity, and Inflammation




Introduction



Overview of Vitamin A Metabolism and Function



RA in Regulation of Myeloid Cell Development



RA and Effector T Cells



RA and Regulatory T Cells



RA in Regulation of Antibody Responses



RA and Tissue Inflammation



Conclusions and Remaining Issues


Acknowledgments


References



Vitamin A and Retinoic Acid in the Regulation of B-Cell Development and Antibody Production




Introduction



The Vitamin A-Retinoic Acid Signaling System



RA as a Factor in B-Cell Maturation, Activation, and Proliferation



Transcription Factors, CSR, and B-Cell Differentiation Toward the PC Phenotype



RA as a Factor in Germinal Center Formation


References



Retinoic Acid Production by Intestinal Dendritic Cells




Introduction



Backgrounds and General Effects of Vitamin A on Host Defense Systems



Regulation of Gut-Specific Homing of Lymphocytes by Dendritic Cells



Imprinting of Gut-Homing Specificity on Lymphocytes by Retinoic Acid



Regulation of Functional Differentiation of Lymphocytes by Retinoic Acid-Producing Dendritic Cells



Identification of Retinoic Acid-Producing Dendritic Cells



The Origin of Retinoic Acid-Producing Dendritic Cells



Induction of Retinoic Acid-Producing Capacity in Dendritic Cells



Degradation of Retinoic Acid In Vivo and In Vitro



Conclusions and Future Directions


Acknowledgments


References



Immune Regulator Vitamin A and T Cell Death




Introduction



Mechanism of Action of Vitamin A



Cell Death Pathways



Forms of T Cell Death



Regulation of Thymocyte Cell Death by Vitamin A



Regulation of Mature T Cell Death by Vitamin A



Concluding Discussion and Future Perspectives


References



Vitamin E and Immunity




Introduction



Definition and Structures of Vitamin E



Vitamin E Deficiency



Vitamin E Requirements and Reference Ranges



Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin E



Immunological Use of Vitamin E in Humans



Immunological Use of Vitamin E in Animals



Conclusions and Future Aspects


Acknowledgments


References



Vitamin D Effects on Lung Immunity and Respiratory Diseases




Introduction



Lung Immune Functions



1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D is Generated Locally in the Lungs



Vitamin D and Lung Infections



Vitamin D and Obstructive Lung Diseases



Conclusions and Future Directions


Acknowledgment


References



Maternal Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Its Relation to Immune-Mediated Diseases in the Offspring




Introduction



Vitamin D



Vitamin D Status During Pregnancy



Dietary Guidelines and Maternal Vitamin D Intake



Maternal Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Disease Outcomes in the Offspring



Conclusions


References



Vitamin D Deficiency and Connective Tissue Disease




Introduction



The Immune-Regulative Role of Vitamin D



Effect of Vitamin D on Innate Immunity



Modulation of Adaptive Immunity



Lymphocytes as Direct Targets for 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>



Low Level of Vitamin D and Autoimmune Diseases



Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency in Autoimmune Diseases



Vitamin D and Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease



Vitamin D and Systemic Sclerosis



Vitamin D and Sjï¿½gren's Syndrome



Vitamin D and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus



Vitamin D and Rheumatoid Arthritis


References



Key Roles of Vitamins A, C, and E in Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>-Induced Oxidative Stress




Aflatoxins and AFB<sub>1</sub>



Molecular Mechanisms of AFB<sub>1</sub> Toxicity



Inhibition of AFB<sub>1</sub>-Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity



Interaction Between Dietary Factors and AFB<sub>1</sub> Toxicity



Vitamin A



Vitamin C



Vitamin E



Conclusion and Future Remarks


Acknowledgment


References



Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, and Cathelicidin in the Treatment of Tuberculosis




Introduction



Vitamin D Metabolism



Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D



Cathelicidin and Vitamin D



Vitamin D Receptor



Tuberculosis



Vitamin D and Treatment of TB



Conclusion


Acknowledgments


References



Vitamin D Endocrine System and the Immune Response in Rheumatic Diseases




Introduction



Function and Biochemical Measures of Vitamin D



Vitamin D and Autoimmunity



SLE and Other Systemic Autoimmune Diseases



Vitamin D and Rheumatoid Arthritis



Vitamin D and Psoriasis/Psoriatic Arthritis



Vitamin D and Overlap Syndromes



Vitamin D Supplementation and VDR Agonists in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases



Conclusions


References



L-Carnitine and Intestinal Inflammation




L-Carnitine



Intestinal Inflammation



L-Carnitine and Intestinal Inflammation



Conclusions and Future Directions


References



Vitamin D and Inflammatory Bowel Disease




Introduction



Conclusions


References



Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Vicious Circle




Introduction



Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in COPD



COPD and Osteoporosis: Role for Vitamin D



Airway and Systemic Inflammation in COPD: Link with Vitamin D Pathway



Conclusion


Acknowledgments


References



Vitamin D as a T-cell Modulator in Multiple Sclerosis




Introduction



Multiple Sclerosis



Vitamin D



Vitamin D and T-cell Regulation in MS



Concluding Remarks


References



Vitamin D in Solid Organ Transplantation with Special Emphasis on Kidney Transplantation




Vitamin D



Vitamin D and the immune System



Vitamin D in Kidney Transplant Recipients



Vitamin D in Other Transplant Recipients



Conclusion and Future Directions


References


Index