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| Contributors | |
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| Series Introduction | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| General background | |
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| Jozsef Marek (1868-1952) and the identification of the disease | |
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| Houghton Poultry Research Station and the isolation of the causative agent of Marek's disease | |
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| The place of Marek's disease and Marek's disease virus in the biological sciences | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Marek's disease: long and difficult beginnings | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Early days | |
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| Terminology and classification | |
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| Evidence for the separation of Marek's disease from lymphoid leukoses | |
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| Clinical and pathological studies of field cases | |
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| Transmission studies | |
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| Experimental studies comparing Marek's disease with lymphoid leukosis | |
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| Identifying the Marek's disease virus | |
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| Identification of Marek's disease herpesvirus | |
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| Circumstantial evidence | |
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| Definitive evidence | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| The genome content of Marek's disease-like viruses | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gene content and transcription of the Mardiviruses | |
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| Transcription and gene expression during MDV latency | |
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| Manipulation of the MDV genome: new strategy using bacterial artificial chromosomes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Marek's disease virus oncogenicity: molecular mechanisms | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Meq, a Jun/Fos family member, as a putative oncogene for MDV | |
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| The structure and function of Meq | |
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| Meq as a transcriptional regulator | |
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| Meq as a transforming protein | |
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| Meq as a major oncoprotein in MDV oncogenesis | |
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| Meq mutations in proline-rich domains correlate with virulence | |
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| Meq's potential roles in MDV replication and latency | |
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| Summary and implications of Meq as an oncogene for MDV | |
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| Other genes associated with pathogenicity | |
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| BamHI-H family of transcripts | |
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| MDV phosphoprotein 38 (pp38) complex | |
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| MDV-encoded CXC chemokine, vIL-8 | |
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| MDV-encoded telomerase RNA | |
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| MDV ICP4 homologue-related transcripts | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Marek's disease: a worldwide problem | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Diagnostic investigation of MD problems | |
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| Economic impact | |
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| Causes of outbreaks | |
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| MD in species other than chickens | |
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| Problems associated with contamination of MD vaccines | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Marek's disease virus: biology and life cycle | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Natural infection with MDV | |
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| Early cytolytic phase | |
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| Latency | |
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| Late cytolytic phase | |
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| Fully productive infection in the feather-follicle epithelium | |
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| Transformation | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Pathological responses to infection | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Virus-cell relationships in Marek's disease | |
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| Pathogenesis and pathology of Marek's disease | |
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| Primary infection | |
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| Acute cytolytic infection of lymphoid tissue | |
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| Viraemia and haematology | |
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| Infection of feather-follicle epithelium | |
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| Infection of other parenchymatous tissues | |
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| Peripheral neuropathy | |
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| Central nervous system | |
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| Lymphomatosis | |
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| Atherosclerosis | |
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| Ocular changes | |
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| Factors affecting lesion type | |
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| Virus strain | |
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| Host | |
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| Marek's disease in other species | |
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| Turkeys | |
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| Japanese quail | |
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| Pheasants | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Marek's disease lymphomas | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Histopathology | |
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| Peripheral nerves | |
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| Skin | |
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| Visceral and skeletal muscle lymphomas | |
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| Lymphoma cell phenotypes | |
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| MATSAs | |
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| MDV-transformed cells | |
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| Phenotypes of MD lymphoma cells | |
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| The identity of the neoplastically transformed cells in MD lymphomas | |
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| Anti-lymphoma immunity | |
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| MD lymphoma regression | |
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| Anti-MD lymphoma immunity | |
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| Transplantable tumours | |
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| Tumour antigens in MD | |
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| Model for MD lymphomagenesis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Genetic resistance to Marek's disease | |
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| Introduction | |
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| MHC associated resistance | |
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| Structure and function of the MHC | |
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| Mechanism of MHC-determined resistance to MD | |
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| Non-MHC associated resistance | |
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| Differences in viral replication between lines 6 and 7 | |
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| Phenotypic comparisons | |
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| Investigation of candidate genes | |
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| Genomic mapping approaches | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Immunity to Marek's disease | |
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| Introduction | |
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| MDV entry via the lungs | |
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| Role of macrophages | |
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| Role of natural killer cells | |
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| Acquired immune responses to MDV | |
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| Role of antibodies | |
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| Role of cell-mediated immune responses | |
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| Cytokine responses during the cytolytic phase | |
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| The role of cytokines in the induction and maintenance of latency | |
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| Cytokine production by tumour cells | |
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| Role of the MDV-encoded CXC chemokine | |
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| Immunity to MDV induced by vaccination | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Marek's disease immunosuppression | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Mechanisms of MD-induced immunosuppression | |
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| Immunosuppression caused by loss of lymphocytes | |
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| Immunosuppression caused by changes in the regulation of immune responses | |
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| Nitric oxide, a dual role | |
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| Cytokines | |
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| Down-regulation of lymphocyte surface molecules and other immuno-evasive mechanisms | |
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| Immunosuppression caused by tumour cells | |
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| Confounding factors in MDV-induced immunosuppression | |
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| Chicken infectious anaemia virus | |
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| Infectious bursal disease virus | |
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| Reticuloendotheliosis virus | |
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| Reovirus infection | |
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| Consequences of immunosuppression | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Diagnosis of Marek's disease | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Diagnosis of MD under field conditions | |
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| Laboratory diagnosis of MD | |
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| Collection of infectious material for in vitro studies | |
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| Virus isolation and identification | |
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| Detection and characterization of MDV antigens and antibodies | |
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| Identification of MDV DNA | |
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| Differentiation of MDV serotypes, strains and isolates | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Vaccination against Marek's disease | |
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| History of Marek's disease vaccine | |
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| Importance of vaccination | |
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| Licensing, manufacturing and administering current MD vaccines | |
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| In ovo vaccination | |
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| Vaccination problems and solutions | |
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| Attenuation of MDV and its effect on protection | |
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| Recombinant vaccines | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Future strategies for controlling Marek's disease | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Current MD situation and vaccination strategies | |
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| Future risk of increasing the incidence of MD | |
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| Current tools for MD control | |
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| Vaccination | |
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| Genetics | |
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| Biosecurity | |
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| Developing new strategies for control | |
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| Vaccine development | |
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| Development of transgenic chickens | |
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| What research is needed for the rational development of new strategies of control? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Key references | |
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| Index | |