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| Preface | |
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| Writing: Skills and Process | |
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| An Introduction to Writing | |
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| Point and Support | |
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| An Important Difference between Writing and Talking | |
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| Point and Support in a Paragraph | |
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| Knowing Your Purpose and Audience | |
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| Benefits of Paragraph Writing | |
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| Writing as a Skill | |
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| Writing as a Process of Discovery | |
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| Keeping a Journal | |
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| Tips on Using a Computer | |
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| Ways to Use a Computer at Each Stage of the Writing Process | |
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| Review Activities | |
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| The Writing Process | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Technique 1: Freewriting | |
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| Technique 2: Questioning | |
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| Technique 3: Making a List | |
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| Technique 4: Clustering | |
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| Technique 5: Preparing a Scratch Outline | |
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| Writing a First Draft | |
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| Writing a First Draft: A Student Model | |
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| Revising | |
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| Revising Content | |
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| Revising Sentences | |
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| Editing | |
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| An Illustration of the Revising and Editing Processes | |
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| Using Peer Review | |
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| Identification | |
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| Scratch Outline | |
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| Comments | |
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| Review Activities | |
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| Taking a Writing Inventory | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Outlining | |
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| Revising | |
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| A Writer's Template: Across Disciplines | |
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| Basic Principles of Effective Writing | |
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| The First and Second Steps in Writing | |
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| Begin with a Point | |
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| Identifying Common Errors in Topic Sentences | |
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| Understanding the Two Parts of a Topic Sentence | |
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| Selecting a Topic Sentence | |
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| Writing a Topic Sentence I | |
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| Writing a Topic Sentence II | |
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| Support the Point with Specific Evidence | |
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| The Point as an "Umbrella" Idea | |
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| Reinforcing Point and Support | |
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| The Importance of Specific Details | |
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| Recognizing Specific Details I | |
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| Recognizing Specific Details II | |
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| Providing Supporting Evidence | |
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| The Importance of Adequate Details | |
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| Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence | |
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| Adding Details to Complete a Paragraph | |
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| Writing a Simple Paragraph | |
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| The Third Step and Fourth Steps in Writing | |
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| Organize and Connect the Specific Evidence | |
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| Common Methods of Organization: Time Order and Emphatic Order | |
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| Transitions | |
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| Other Connecting Words | |
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| Write Clear, Error-Free Sentences | |
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| Revising Sentences | |
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| Use Parallelism | |
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| Use a Consistent Point of View | |
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| Use Specific Words | |
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| Use Concise Wording | |
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| Vary Your Sentences | |
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| Editing Sentences | |
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| Hints for Editing | |
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| A Note on Proofreading | |
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| Four Bases for Revising Writing | |
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| Base 1: Unity | |
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| Understanding Unity | |
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| Checking for Unity | |
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| Base 2: Support | |
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| Understanding Support | |
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| Checking for Support | |
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| Base 3: Coherence | |
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| Understanding Coherence | |
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| Checking for Coherence | |
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| Base 4: Sentence Skills | |
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| Understanding Sentence Skills | |
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| Checking for Sentence Skills | |
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| Evaluating Paragraphs for All Four Bases: Unity, Support, Coherence, and Sentence | |
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| Skills | |
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| A Writer's Template: Across Disciplines | |
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| Paragraph Development | |
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| Exemplification | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing an Exemplification Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing an Exemplification Paragraph | |
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| Narration | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing a Narrative Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing a Narrative Paragraph | |
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| Description | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing a Descriptive Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing a Descriptive Paragraph | |
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| Process | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing a Process Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing a Process Paragraph | |
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| Cause and Effect | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph | |
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| Comparison or Contrast | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Methods of Development | |
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| One Side at a Time | |
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| Point by Point | |
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| Additional Paragraph to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing a Comparison or Contrast Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing a Comparison or Contrast Paragraph | |
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| Definition | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing a Definition Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing a Definition Paragraph | |
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| Division-Classification | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing a Division-Classification Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing a Division-Classification Paragraph | |
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| Argument | |
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| Strategies for Arguments | |
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| Paragraphs to Consider | |
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| Questions | |
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| Developing an Argument Paragraph | |
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| Development through Prewriting | |
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| Development through Revising | |
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| Writing an Argument Paragraph | |
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| A Writer's Template: Across Disciplines | |
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| Essay Development | |
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| Introduction to Essay Development | |
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| What Is an Essay? | |
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| Differences Between an Essay and Paragraph | |
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| Structure of the Traditional Essay | |
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| A Model Essay | |
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| Parts of an Essay | |
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| Diagram of an Essay | |
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| Identifying the Parts of an Essay | |
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| Important Considerations in Essay Development | |
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| Determining Your Point of View | |
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| Doing a Personal Review | |
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| Writing the Essay | |
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| Begin with a Point, or Thesis | |
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| Understanding Thesis Statements | |
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| Writing a Good Thesis I | |
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| Writing a Good Thesis II | |
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| Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence | |
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| The Importance of Specific Details | |
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| The Importance of Adequate Details | |
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| Adding Details to Complete an Essay | |
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| Organize and Connect the Specific Evidence | |
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| Common Methods of Organization | |
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| Transitions | |
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| Other Connecting Words | |
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| Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words | |
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| Write Clear, Error-Free Sentences | |
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| Use Active Verbs | |
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| Practice in Revising Sentences | |
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| Revising Essays for All Four Bases: Unity, Support, Coherence, and Sentence Skills | |
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| Introductions, Conclusions, and Titles | |
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| Introductory Paragraph | |
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| Functions of the Introduction | |
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| Common Methods of Introduction | |
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| Concluding Paragraph | |
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| Common Methods of Conclusion | |
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| Identifying Introductions and Conclusions | |
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| Titles | |
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| Essay Writing Assignments | |
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| Patterns of Essay Development | |
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| Developing an Exemplification Essay | |
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| Developing a Process Essay | |
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| Developing a Cause-and-Effect Essay | |
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| Developing a Comparison or Contrast Essay | |
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| Developing a Definition Essay | |
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| Developing a Division-Classification Essay | |
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| Developing a Descriptive Essay | |
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| Developing a Narrative Essay | |
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| Developing an Argument Essay | |
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| Special College Skills | |
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| Taking Essay Exams | |
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| Step 1: Anticipate Ten Probable Questions | |
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| Step 2: Prepare and Memorize an Informal Outline Answer for Each Question | |
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| Step 3: Look at the Exam Carefully and Do Several Things | |
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| Step 4: Prepare a Brief, Informal Outline before Writing Your Essay Answer | |
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| Step 5: Write a Clear, Well-Organized Essay | |
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| Writing a Summary | |
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| How to Summarize an Article | |
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| How to Summarize a Book | |
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| Writing a Report | |
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| of a Report: A Summary of the Work | |
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| of a Report: Your Reaction to the Work | |
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| Points to Keep in Mind When Writing a Report | |
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| A Model Report | |
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| Writing a Research Paper | |
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| Select a Topic That You Can Readily Research | |
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| Researching at a Local Library | |
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| Researching on the Internet | |
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| Limit Your Topic and Make the Purpose of Your Paper Clear | |
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| Gather Information on Your Limited Topic | |
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| Plan Your Paper and Take Notes on Your Limited Topic | |
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| Preparing a Scratch Outline | |
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| Note-Taking | |
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| A Caution about Plagiarism | |
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| Write the Paper | |
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| Use an Acceptable Format and Method of Documentation | |
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| Model Paper | |
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| A Writer's Template: Across Disciplines | |
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| Handbook of Sentence Skills | |
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| Grammar | |
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| Subjects and Verbs | |
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| Sentence Sense | |
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| Fragments | |
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| Run-Ons | |
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| Regular and Irregular Verbs | |
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| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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| Additional Information about Verbs | |
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| Pronoun Agreement and Reference | |
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| Pronoun Types | |
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| Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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| Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers | |
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| Grammar Editing Tests | |
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| Mechanics | |
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| Manuscript Form | |
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| Capital Letters | |
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| Numbers and Abbreviations | |
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| Mechanics Editing Tests | |
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| Punctuation | |
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| Apostrophe | |
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| Quotation Marks | |
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| Comma | |
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| Other Punctuation Marks | |
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| Punctuation Editing Tests | |
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| Word Use | |
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| Spelling Improvement | |
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| Commonly Confused Words | |
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| Effective Word Choice | |
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| Combined Editing Tests | |
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| ESL Pointers | |
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| Readings for Writing | |
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| Introduction to the Readings | |
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| Looking Inward | |
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| Thank You, Alex Haley | |
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| Shame, Dick Gregory | |
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| The Professor is a Dropout, Beth Johnson | |
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| I Became Her Target, Roger Wilkins | |
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| Prison Studies, Malcom X (personal essay) *NEW* | |
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| When Broken Glass Floats: Growing Up Under the Khmer Rouge, Chanrithy Him (personal essay) *NEW* | |
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| Address by Cesar Chavez, President United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO Before Building Industry | |
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| *NEW* | |
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| Association of Northern California, 11/21/91, San Jose (historical doc) *NEW* | |
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| Observing Others | |
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| Propaganda Techniques in Today's | |
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| Advertising Ann McClintock | |
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| This is How We Live, Ellen DeGeneres (book excerpt) *NEW* | |
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| Kanye West World, Lola Ogunnaike (magazine article) *NEW* | |
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| Start By Sitting Together, Randy Pausch (book excerpt) *NEW* | |
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| Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy (historical doc) *NEW* | |
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| Neat People vs. Sloppy People, Suzanne Brit (book excerpt) *NEW* | |
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| Petophila, Jon Katz (Web article) *NEW* | |
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| Confronting Problems | |
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| How to Make It in College, Now That You're Here, Brian O'Keeney | |
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| In Praise of the F Word, Mary Sherry | |
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| Is Sex All That Matters?, Joyce Garity | |
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| Cyberbullying, Thomas J. Billitteri (information/reports) *NEW* | |
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| Why Profiling Won't Work, William Raspberry (newspaper article) *NEW* | |
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| 9/11 Commission Report, "Heroism and Horror: Preparedness as of September 11" (information/reports) | |
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| *NEW* | |
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| Appendix: Writing a Resume and Cover Letter | |
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| Index | |