| |
| |
| List of Illustrations | |
| |
| |
| List of Chronologies, Maps, Charts, and Tables | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Geography and History | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ancient Times: Greece, Rome, and Christianity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Early Middle Ages: The Formation of Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The High Middle Ages: Secular Civilization | |
| |
| |
| |
| The High Middle Ages: The Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Upheaval in Western Christendom, 1300-1560 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Disasters of the Fourteenth Century | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Renaissance in Italy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Renaissance outside Italy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Monarchies | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Protestant Reformation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Renewal and Wars of Religion, 1560-1648 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Opening of the Atlantic | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Commercial Revolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Changing Social Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wars of Catholic Spain: The Netherlands and England | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Disintegration and Reconstruction of France | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648: The Disintegration of Germany | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Growing Power of Western Europe, 1640-1715 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Grand Monarque and the Balance of Power | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dutch Republic | |
| |
| |
| |
| Britain: The Civil War | |
| |
| |
| |
| Britain: The Triumph of Parliament | |
| |
| |
| |
| The France of Louis XIV, 1643-1715: The Triumph of Absolutism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wars of Louis XIV: The Peace of Utrecht, 1713 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transformation of Eastern Europe, 1648-1740 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three Aging Empires | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Formation of an Austrian Monarchy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Formation of Prussia | |
| |
| |
| |
| The "Westernizing" of Russia | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Scientific View of the World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prophets of a Scientific Civilization: Bacon and Descartes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Road to Newton: The Law of Universal Gravitation | |
| |
| |
| |
| New Knowledge of Human Beings and Society | |
| |
| |
| |
| Political Theory: The School of Natural Law | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Struggle for Wealth and Empire | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elite and Popular Cultures | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Global Economy of the Eighteenth Century | |
| |
| |
| |
| Western Europe after the Peace of Utrecht, 1713-1740 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Great War of the Mid-Eighteenth Century: The Peace of Paris, 1763 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Age of Enlightenment | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Philosophes-and Others | |
| |
| |
| |
| Enlightened Despotism: France, Austria, Prussia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Enlightened Despotism: Russia | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Partitions of Poland | |
| |
| |
| |
| New Stirrings: The British Reform Movement | |
| |
| |
| |
| The American Revolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| The French Revolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Backgrounds | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Revolution and the Reorganization of France | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Revolution and Europe: The War and the "Second" Revolution, 1792 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Emergency Republic, 1792-1795: The Terror | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Constitutional Republic: The Directory, 1795-1799 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Authoritarian Republic: The Consulate, 1799-1804 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Napoleonic Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Formation of the French Imperial System | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Grand Empire: Spread of the Revolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Continental System: Britain and Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The National Movements: Germany | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Overthrow of Napoleon: The Congress of Vienna | |
| |
| |
| |
| Industries, Ideas, and the Struggle for Reform, 1815-1848 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Industrial Revolution in Britain | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Advent of the "Isms" | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dike and the Flood: Domestic | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dike and the Flood: International | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Breakthrough of Liberalism in the West: Revolutions of 1830-1832 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Triumph of the West European Bourgeoisie | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revolutions and the Reimposition of Order, 1848-1870 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paris: The Specter of Social Revolution in the West | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vienna: The Nationalist Revolutions in Central Europe and Italy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Frankfurt and Berlin: The Question of a Liberal Germany | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New European "Isms": Realism, Positivism, Marxism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bonapartism: The Second French Empire, 1852-1870 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Global Consolidation of Large Nation-States, 1859-1871 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Backgrounds: The Idea of the Nation-State | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cavour and the Italian War of 1859: The Unification of Italy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Founding of a German Empire and the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Liberalization in Tsarist Russia: Alexander II | |
| |
| |
| |
| The United States: The American Civil War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dominion of Canada, 1867 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Japan and the West | |
| |
| |
| |
| European Civilization, 1871-1914: Economy and Politics | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Modern "Civilized World" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Demography: The Increase of the Europeans | |
| |
| |
| |
| The World Economy of the Nineteenth Century | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Advance of Democracy: Third French Republic, United Kingdom, German Empire | |
| |
| |
| |
| European Civilization, 1871-1914: Society and Culture | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Advance of Democracy: Socialism, Labor Unions, and Feminism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Science, Philosophy, the Arts, and Religion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Waning of Classical Liberalism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Europe's World Supermacy, 1871-1914 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Imperialism: Its Nature and Causes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Americas | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Partition of Africa | |
| |
| |
| |
| Imperialism in Asia: The Dutch, the British, and the Russians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Imperialism in Asia: China and the West | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Russo-Japanese War and Its Consequences | |
| |
| |
| |
| The First World War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The International Anarchy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Armed Stalemate | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collapse of Russia and the Intervention of the United States | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collapse of the Austrian and German Empires | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact of the War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Peace of Paris, 1919 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union | |
| |
| |
| |
| Backgrounds | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Revolution of 1905 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Revolution of 1917 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stalin: The Five-Year Plans and the Purges | |
| |
| |
| |
| The International Impact of Communism, 1919-1939 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Democracy, Anti-Imperialism, and the Economic Crisis After the First World War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Advance of Democracy after 1919 | |
| |
| |
| |
| The German Republic and the Spirit of Locarno | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anti-Imperialist Movements in Asia | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Great Depression: Collapse of the World Economy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Democracy and Dictatorship in the 1930S | |
| |
| |
| |
| The United States: Depression and New Deal | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trials and Adjustments of Democracy in Britain and France | |
| |
| |
| |
| Italian Fascism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Totalitarianism: Germany's Third Reich | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Second World War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Weakness of the Democracies: Again to War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Years of Axis Triumph | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Western-Soviet Victory | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Foundations of the Peace | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cold War and Reconstruction After the Second World War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cold War: The Opening Decade, 1945-1955 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Western Europe: Economic Reconstruction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Western Europe: Political Reconstruction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reshaping the Global Economy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Communist World: The U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Communist World: Mao Zedong and the People's Republic of China | |
| |
| |
| |
| Postcolonial Nations in Asia and Latin America | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Emergence of Independent Nations in South Asia | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Emergence of Independent Nations in Southeast Asia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Changing Latin America | |
| |
| |
| |
| Empires into Nations: Africa and the Middle East After the Second World War | |
| |
| |
| |
| The African Revolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ferment in the Middle East | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revolution and War in the Persian Gulf | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Developing World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coexistence, Confrontation, and the New Global Economy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Confrontation and Detente, 1955-1975 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Collapse and Recovery of the Global Economy: The 1970s and 1980s | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cold War Rekindled | |
| |
| |
| |
| China after Mao | |
| |
| |
| |
| The International Revolt Against Soviet Communism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Crisis in the Soviet Union | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collapse of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collapse of the Soviet Union | |
| |
| |
| |
| After Communism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Changing Modern World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Western Europe after the Cold War | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nation-States and Economies in the Age of Globalization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Intellectual and Social Transitions in Modern Cultures | |
| |
| |
| |
| International Conflict in the Twenty-First Century | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Challenges in the Twenty-First Century | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rulers and Regimes | |
| |
| |
| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| Index | |