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| Foreword | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction to Content Networking | |
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| Objectives | |
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| User Expectations | |
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| Performance | |
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| Availability | |
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| Security | |
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| Anonymity | |
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| Personalization/Relevancy | |
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| Privacy | |
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| Content Provider Expectations | |
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| Security | |
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| Control | |
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| Manageability | |
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| Scalability | |
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| Flexibility | |
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| Diversity (Users and Devices) | |
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| Customer Demographics/Data | |
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| Differentiation | |
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| Profitability | |
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| Conflicting Expectations | |
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| Structure of the Internet | |
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| Problems of IP | |
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| What Is Content Networking? | |
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| Living on the Edge | |
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| Content Edge Networking (CEN)--The Data Center | |
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| CEN Evolution | |
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| Subscriber Edge Networking--Networking on the Edge | |
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| SEN IP Services | |
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| CDNs and "Overlay" Networks | |
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| Who Needs a Content Networking Solution? | |
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| Enterprises | |
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| Service Providers | |
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| The Future of Content Networking | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| End Notes | |
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| Ethernet | |
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| Objectives | |
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| DIX and IEEE 802.3 | |
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| Frame Formats | |
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| Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) | |
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| Collision Domains and Broadcast Domains | |
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| Duplexing | |
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| Flow Control | |
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| Link Integrity Test and the Ethernet Heartbeat | |
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| Fast Ethernet | |
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| Auto-Negotiation | |
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| Gigabit Ethernet | |
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| Deploying Ethernet | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Advanced Ethernet Topics | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Spanning-Tree Protocol | |
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| Spanning-Tree Protocol Port States | |
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| Election of the Root Switch | |
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| Bridge Protocol Data Units | |
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| How the STP Algorithm Works | |
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| Implications of STP in a LAN Environment | |
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| Virtual Local Area Networks--VLANs | |
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| Benefits of VLANs | |
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| VLAN Trunk Protocol | |
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| How VTP Works | |
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| VLAN Trunking | |
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| Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Encapsulation | |
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| IEEE 802.1q TRUNKING | |
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| The Role of VLANs in Modern Data Centers | |
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| EtherChannel | |
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| EtherChannel and VLANs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| HTTP and the World Wide Web | |
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| Objectives | |
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| History | |
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| How It Works | |
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| HTTP/0.9 | |
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| HTTP/1.0 | |
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| HTTP/1.1 | |
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| Request Methods | |
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| Response Status Code Definitions | |
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| Message Headers | |
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| HTTP Security | |
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| HTTP Protocol Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| SSL | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Crypto 101 | |
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| Secret Key Cryptography | |
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| Key Size | |
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| Public Key Cryptography | |
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| Putting It Together: Hybrid Encryption Schemes | |
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| Certificates | |
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| Configuring and Installing Your Own SSL Server | |
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| Unpacking the Packages | |
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| Compiling OpenSSL | |
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| Configuring and Compiling Apache with mod_ssl | |
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| Creating the Certificate and Installing Apache | |
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| Using Apache with SSL Support | |
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| Generating New CSRs | |
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| SSL: The Protocol | |
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| SSL Messages | |
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| Accelerating SSL | |
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| How SSL Acceleration Works | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| DNS and Content Networking | |
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| Objectives | |
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| History | |
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| How DNS Works | |
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| General Operational Overview | |
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| Detailed Operational Overview | |
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| Basic DNS Configuration | |
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| Basic DNS Auditing | |
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| Advanced DNS Configuration | |
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| RTT Measurements | |
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| Wildcard DNS | |
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| RR Sets | |
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| Subdomain Delegation | |
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| DNS Thrashing | |
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| Registering Domain Names | |
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| General Process | |
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| Contacts | |
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| WHOIS Databases | |
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| Problems with DNS | |
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| The Future | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Internet Structure and Function | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Global Structure | |
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| Hierarchical Organization | |
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| Internet Routing with BGP | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Web Servers, Cookies, and Web Caches | |
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| Objectives | |
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| The Process of Fetching Content | |
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| Requesting Static Content | |
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| Requesting Dynamic Content | |
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| Caching | |
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| The Basics | |
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| Transparent vs. Nontransparent Caching | |
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| Forward vs. Reverse Proxy Caching | |
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| Edge Caching and Content Delivery Networks | |
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| Cache Interception | |
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| Caching Products | |
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| Adding State: HTTP Cookies | |
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| Understanding "State" | |
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| Cookies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Server Load Balancing | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Scaling the Internet | |
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| Single Server Approach | |
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| Server Farm Approach | |
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| What Is Server Load Balancing? | |
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| Virtual Server Group and Virtual IP | |
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| Technical Benefits | |
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| Business Benefits | |
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| Applications | |
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| Server Load Balancing Operations | |
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| Solutions | |
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| The Cisco Solutions--Local Director | |
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| The Cisco ArrowPoint Load Balancers | |
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| The Nortel Web Switch | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| VRRP and HSRP | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol | |
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| Operations | |
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| Protocol | |
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| Case studies | |
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| VRRPe | |
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| HSRP | |
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| Protocol | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Global Server Load Balancing | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Solutions | |
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| Simple Failover | |
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| High Availability | |
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| Geographic Load Balancing | |
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| How It Works | |
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| Dynamic Site Selection | |
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| Backup Servers | |
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| DNS Based | |
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| Routing Protocol Based | |
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| Packet Loss--An Aside | |
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| Caveats | |
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| Globalization Techniques | |
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| Passive Techniques | |
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| Footrace Techniques | |
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| Active Techniques | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Directory Services for J. Magellan and Sons | |
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| Your News Corp | |
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| Products | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Content Networking and Security | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Security | |
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| Mitigating Denial of Service | |
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| Filters and Firewalls | |
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| Filters and Filtering | |
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| Firewalls and Fire Walling | |
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| High-Availability Content Security Solutions | |
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| State Updates and Clustering | |
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| Firewall Load Balancing | |
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| Firewall Load Balancing Basics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Application Redirection | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Web Caching | |
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| Web Caching Applications | |
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| Web Cache Redirection (WCR) | |
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| WCCP and WCR | |
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| DNS Redirection | |
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| Operation and Benefits | |
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| DNS Server Health Monitoring | |
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| Overflow and Backup DNS | |
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| High Availability DNS | |
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| SSL Offloading | |
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| Caveats to SSL Redirection / Offload | |
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| Other Applications | |
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| Combinations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Bandwidth Management | |
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| Objectives | |
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| SLA and the Business Case for Managing Bandwidth | |
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| Before the Bandwidth Management Era | |
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| PointCast Floods Networks | |
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| Push Technology Solutions | |
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| Practical Applications of Bandwidth Management in E-Commerce | |
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| ISP Environment | |
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| ASP Environment | |
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| Enabling Service Providers to Aggregate Profitably | |
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| Increasing Security and Preventing DoS Attacks | |
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| Solutions | |
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| Dedicated Bandwidth Management Appliances | |
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| Integration with Routers and LAN Switches | |
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| Integration with Web Switches | |
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| Integration with Firewall | |
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| How Bandwidth Management Works--Case Study of the Nortel Solution | |
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| Overview | |
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| Traffic Classification and Control | |
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| Bandwidth Policies | |
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| Classification Policies | |
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| Restricting Bandwidth Usage | |
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| Bandwidth Statistics and History | |
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| Packet Coloring | |
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| Configuring Bandwidth Management | |
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| Standards | |
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| IETF Diff-Serv Working Group | |
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| Summary | |
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| Pros and Cons | |
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| Standardization Roadmap | |
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| Future Applications | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Index | |