| Preface | p. xxv |
| Purpose of This Book | p. xxv |
| Intended Audience | p. xxvii |
| Overview of This Book | p. xxviii |
| Introduction | p. xxxv |
| How to Use This Book for Courses | p. xxxvii |
| Author's Disclaimer | p. xxxviii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxxviii |
| Drivers and Enablers of ATM | p. 1 |
| Business Drivers for ATM | p. 3 |
| Defining Communications Needs | p. 3 |
| Business Drivers for the Use of ATM | p. 13 |
| Application Drivers for ATM | p. 13 |
| Review | p. 22 |
| Technology Enablers for ATM | p. 25 |
| From Voice Networks to Data Networks | p. 25 |
| The Data Revolution | p. 33 |
| What is ATM? -- The 30,000 Foot View | p. 36 |
| Advances in Transmission, Protocol and Computing | p. 37 |
| Lower Cost ATM Lowers Networking Costs | p. 40 |
| Review | p. 42 |
| References | p. 42 |
| Computer and Information Networking Directions | p. 43 |
| Networking Trends Driving the Need for ATM | p. 43 |
| ATM -- Network Infrastructure of the Next Decade | p. 54 |
| Outsourcing Trends Continue | p. 60 |
| Review | p. 63 |
| References | p. 64 |
| Digital Communications Network and Protocol Fundamentals | p. 65 |
| Networks, Circuits, Multiplexing, and Switching | p. 65 |
| General Network Topologies | p. 67 |
| Data Communications and Private Lines | p. 74 |
| Data Transmission Methods | p. 78 |
| Principles of Multiplexing and Switching | p. 81 |
| Examples of Multiplexing | p. 84 |
| Examples of Switching | p. 89 |
| Review | p. 94 |
| References | p. 95 |
| Basic Protocol Concepts | p. 97 |
| A Brief History of Packet-Switching | p. 98 |
| Basic Protocol Layering Concepts | p. 102 |
| Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model | p. 104 |
| Layers of the OSI Reference Model | p. 107 |
| Layered Data Communication Architectures | p. 111 |
| Network Service Paradigms | p. 118 |
| Review | p. 122 |
| References | p. 122 |
| Time Division Multiplexing and the Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network (N-ISDN) | p. 125 |
| Circuit Switching | p. 123 |
| Private Line Networks | p. 129 |
| Digital Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) | p. 133 |
| Basics and History of Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN) | p. 140 |
| Review | p. 144 |
| References | p. 145 |
| Connection-Oriented Protocols -- X.25 and Frame Relay | p. 147 |
| Packet-Switching | p. 147 |
| Frame Relay -- Overview and User Plane | p. 165 |
| Frame Relay -- Control Plane | p. 176 |
| Review | p. 187 |
| References | p. 187 |
| Connectionless Protocols -- IP and SMDS | p. 189 |
| The Internet Protocol Suite, TCP/IP | p. 189 |
| Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) | p. 199 |
| Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) | p. 210 |
| Review | p. 219 |
| References | p. 219 |
| LANS, Bridging, and Routing | p. 221 |
| Bridging, Routing and Internetworking | p. 221 |
| IEEE Local Area Networking (LAN) Standards | p. 226 |
| Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) | p. 237 |
| Bridging Concepts, Systems, and Protocols | p. 241 |
| Routing Concepts, Systems and Protocols | p. 248 |
| Bridging and Routing Systems Design | p. 260 |
| Review | p. 261 |
| References | p. 262 |
| B-ISDN/ATM Standards, Basics, Protocol, and Structure | p. 263 |
| ATM and B-ISDN Standards and Specifications | p. 265 |
| Standards and Specification Bodies | p. 265 |
| Greating Standards -- The Players | p. 272 |
| Creating Standards -- The Process | p. 274 |
| B-ISDN Protocol Model and Architecture | p. 278 |
| Current Directions and Open Issues | p. 280 |
| Review | p. 284 |
| References | p. 285 |
| Introduction to ATM | p. 285 |
| ATM's Many Faces | p. 285 |
| ATM Terminology -- A High-level Introduction | p. 294 |
| Introduction to ATM Cells and Connections | p. 299 |
| Using ATM Service Categories | p. 306 |
| Rationale for the Choice of ATM Cell Size | p. 312 |
| Review | p. 314 |
| References | p. 314 |
| Physical and ATM Layers | p. 315 |
| The Plane-Layer Truth -- An Overview | p. 316 |
| Physical (PHY) Layer | p. 319 |
| ATM Layer -- Protocol Model | p. 326 |
| ATM Layer and Cell -- Definition | p. 330 |
| ATM-Layer QOS, Traffic Parameters and Service Categories | p. 336 |
| Review | p. 342 |
| References | p. 342 |
| ATM Adaptation Layers | p. 345 |
| ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) -- Protocol Model | p. 345 |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 1 (AAL1) | p. 351 |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) | p. 359 |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 (AAL3/4) | p. 362 |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) | p. 366 |
| Review | p. 370 |
| References | p. 370 |
| Higher-Layer User, Management, and Control Planes | p. 373 |
| Higher-Layer User Plane Overview | p. 374 |
| Management Plane | p. 377 |
| Control Plane Overview | p. 379 |
| Control Plane Structure and AAL | p. 383 |
| Control Plane Addressing | p. 389 |
| Review | p. 399 |
| References | p. 400 |
| Signaling and Routing in the Control Plane | p. 401 |
| User-Network Interface (UNI) Signaling | p. 402 |
| Signaling Procedures | p. 408 |
| Network Node Interface (NNI) Signaling | p. 413 |
| Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol (IISP) | p. 413 |
| The ATM Forum's Routing Protocol - PNNI | p. 415 |
| Broadband Intercarrier Interface (B-ICI) | p. 435 |
| Review | p. 440 |
| References | p. 441 |
| ATM Hardware, Software, and Higher-Layer Protocols | p. 443 |
| ATM Hardware and Software | p. 445 |
| Key Attributes of ATM Switches | p. 445 |
| ATM Switch Types and Categories | p. 450 |
| ATM Enabled Enterprise and Lan Backbone Devices | p. 459 |
| End System ATM Hardware and Software | p. 463 |
| ATM Chip Sets and Processors | p. 474 |
| Review | p. 475 |
| References | p. 477 |
| ATM Interworking with Voice and Video | p. 477 |
| Voice Over ATM | p. 478 |
| Circuit Emulation Services (CES) | p. 481 |
| Interworking with Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN) | p. 485 |
| Voice and Telephony Over ATM (VTOA) | p. 487 |
| Residential Broadband (RBB) | p. 491 |
| Audio/Visual Multimedia Services (AMS) | p. 492 |
| Review | p. 497 |
| References | p. 497 |
| ATM Interworking with Frame Relay, SMDS, DXI, and FUNI | p. 499 |
| Interworking, Access, and Trunking | p. 500 |
| Frame Relay/ATM Interworking | p. 501 |
| Frame Relay/ATM Network Interworking | p. 503 |
| Frame Relay/ATM Service Interworking | p. 506 |
| SMDS Access to ATM | p. 510 |
| Frame-Based Interfaces Supporting ATM | p. 512 |
| ATM Data Exchange Interface (DXI) | p. 512 |
| Frame Relay User-to-Network Interface (FUNI) | p. 516 |
| Review | p. 520 |
| References | p. 520 |
| ATM in the Local Area Network | p. 523 |
| Lan Emulation (LANE) | p. 523 |
| Cells in Frames (CIF) | p. 537 |
| Multi-Protocol Encapsulation Over AAL5 | p. 540 |
| Review | p. 545 |
| References | p. 545 |
| ATM and Internetworking | p. 547 |
| IP Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) Over AAL5 | p. 548 |
| Classical IP Over ATM | p. 549 |
| Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) | p. 554 |
| Multiprotocol Over ATM (MPOA) | p. 558 |
| IP Multicast Over ATM | p. 565 |
| Reinventing IP Over ATM | p. 570 |
| Review | p. 582 |
| References | p. 582 |
| ATM Traffic Management, and Congestion Control | p. 585 |
| The Traffic Contract | p. 587 |
| The Traffic Contract | p. 587 |
| Reference Models | p. 588 |
| Quality of Service | p. 590 |
| Traffic Parameters and Conformance Checking | p. 598 |
| ATM Service Categories | p. 603 |
| Conformance Definitions | p. 606 |
| Review | p. 607 |
| References | p. 608 |
| ATM Traffic Control and Available Bit Rate (ABR) | p. 609 |
| Traffic and Congestion Control | p. 609 |
| Usage and Network Parameter Control | p. 611 |
| Available Bit Rate (ABR) Closed-Loop Flow Control | p. 617 |
| Traffic Shaping | p. 626 |
| Delay and Loss Priority Control | p. 630 |
| Generic Flow Control | p. 633 |
| Connection Admission Control (CAC) | p. 635 |
| Resource Management Using Virtual Paths | p. 636 |
| Other Traffic Control Methods | p. 636 |
| Review | p. 637 |
| References | p. 637 |
| Congestion Indication and Control | p. 639 |
| What Is Congestion Control? | p. 639 |
| Congestion Management | p. 644 |
| Congestion Avoidance | p. 646 |
| Congestion Avoidance Via Flow Control | p. 649 |
| Congestion Recovery | p. 655 |
| Review | p. 660 |
| References | p. 662 |
| Communications Engineering, Traffic Engineering, and Design Considerations | p. 661 |
| Basic Communications Engineering | p. 663 |
| Philosophy | p. 663 |
| Probability Theory | p. 665 |
| Common Digital Signals and their Spectra | p. 667 |
| Error Models and Channel Capacity | p. 672 |
| Error Detecting and Correcting Codes | p. 676 |
| Data Compression | p. 683 |
| Review | p. 684 |
| References | p. 685 |
| Traffic Engineering | p. 685 |
| Philosophy | p. 686 |
| Overview of Queuing Theory | p. 687 |
| Call Attempt Rates, Blocking and Queuing | p. 693 |
| Performance of Buffering Methods | p. 698 |
| Deterministic CBR Performance | p. 702 |
| Random VBR Performance | p. 704 |
| Equivalent Capacity | p. 705 |
| Priority Queuing Performance | p. 714 |
| Review | p. 716 |
| References | p. 717 |
| Design Considerations | p. 719 |
| Impact of Delay, Loss, and Delay Variation | p. 719 |
| TCP Performance Over ATM | p. 728 |
| Voice and Data Integration | p. 735 |
| Private Versus Public Networking | p. 739 |
| Network Performance Modeling | p. 741 |
| Reaction to Extreme Situations | p. 741 |
| Traffic Engineering Complexity | p. 743 |
| Review | p. 743 |
| References | p. 744 |
| Operations, Network Management, and ATM Layer Management | p. 745 |
| Operational Philosophy and Network Management Architectures | p. 747 |
| OAMandP Philosophy | p. 747 |
| The Problem and the State of the Solution | p. 754 |
| Network Management Architectures | p. 760 |
| Review | p. 769 |
| References | p. 769 |
| Network Management Protocols and Management Information Bases (MIBs) | p. 771 |
| Network Management Protocols | p. 771 |
| Management Information Bases (MIB) | p. 781 |
| Review | p. 789 |
| References | p. 789 |
| ATM Layer Management and Performance Measurement | p. 791 |
| OAM Flow Reference Architecture | p. 791 |
| OAM Cell Formats | p. 793 |
| Fault Management | p. 795 |
| Restoration | p. 803 |
| Performance Specification and Measurement | p. 805 |
| NP/QoS Reference Configuration | p. 806 |
| ATM NP/QoS Measurement | p. 807 |
| NP/QoS Parameter Estimation | p. 811 |
| Review | p. 817 |
| References | p. 817 |
| Competing Technologies and Future Directions Involving ATM | p. 819 |
| Technologies Competing with ATM in the WAN | p. 821 |
| Circuit, Message, and Packet Switching | p. 821 |
| Key Wan Requirements | p. 825 |
| ATM Compared with STM | p. 829 |
| Voice Over ATM, Frame Relay, and the Internet | p. 832 |
| Cells Versus Frames for Packet-Switching | p. 838 |
| ATM Versus IP Packet Video Efficiency | p. 846 |
| Multiservice Efficiency Comparison | p. 846 |
| Review | p. 847 |
| References | p. 848 |
| Technologies Competing with ATM in the LAN | p. 851 |
| Key LAN Requirements | p. 852 |
| Survey of Competing LAN Technologies | p. 855 |
| LAN Technology Performance Comparison | p. 857 |
| LAN Technology Comparison | p. 860 |
| QOS and Bandwidth Reservation: RSVP or ATM? | p. 865 |
| Comparison Analysis of Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless Networking Paradigms | p. 870 |
| Review | p. 879 |
| References | p. 879 |
| Future Directions Involving ATM | p. 881 |
| ATM's Expansion Into New Frontiers | p. 881 |
| IP and ATM: Hand in Hand, or, in each other's Face? | p. 893 |
| ATM's Key Challenges | p. 897 |
| Possible Future Directions | p. 902 |
| Architectures of Tomorrow | p. 906 |
| Review | p. 910 |
| References | p. 910 |
| Acronyms and Abbreviations | p. 913 |
| ATM Standards and Specifications Reference | p. 927 |
| ITU-T Standards | p. 927 |
| ANSI Standards | p. 943 |
| ETSI Standards | p. 944 |
| ATM Forum Specifications | p. 949 |
| ATM Related IETF RFCs | p. 955 |
| Glossary | p. 957 |
| Index | p. 987 |
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