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| Preface | |
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| Function and Structure of the Respiratory System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Functions of the Respiratory System | |
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| Structure of the Respiratory System | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Mechanics of Breathing | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Generation of a Pressure Difference Between Atmosphere and Alveoli | |
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| Pressure-Volume Relationships in the Respiratory System | |
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| Interaction of Lung and Chest Wall: The Static Pressure-Volume Curve | |
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| Airways Resistance | |
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| The Work of Breathing | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Alveolar Ventilation | |
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| Objectives | |
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| The Lung Volumes | |
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| Measurement of the Lung Volumes | |
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| Anatomic Dead Space and Alveolar Ventilation | |
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| Measurement of Alveolar Ventilation | |
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| Alveolar Ventilation and Alveolar Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels | |
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| Regional Distribution of Alveolar Ventilation | |
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| The Closing Volume | |
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| The Effects of Aging | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Blood Flow to the Lung | |
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| Objectives | |
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| The Bronchial Circulation | |
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| The Functional Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulation | |
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| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance | |
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| The Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow: The Zones of the Lung | |
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| Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction | |
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| Pulmonary Edema | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships | |
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| Objectives | |
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| The Concept of Matching Ventilation and Perfusion | |
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| Consequences of High and Low V/Q | |
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| Testing for Nonuniform Distribution of Inspired Gas and Pulmonary Blood Flow | |
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| Regional V/Q Differences and Their Consequences in the Lung | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Diffusion of Gases and Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Fick's Law for Diffusion | |
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| Limitations of Gas Transfer | |
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| Diffusion of Oxygen | |
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| Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide | |
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| Measurement of Diffusing Capacity | |
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| Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Transport of Oxygen by the Blood | |
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| Hemoglobin and the Physiologic Implications of the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve | |
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| Influences on the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve | |
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| Transport of Carbon Dioxide by the Blood | |
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| The Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve | |
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| The Bohr and Haldane Effects Explained | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Acid-Base Balance | |
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| Objectives | |
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| The Chemistry of Acids, Bases, and Buffers | |
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| Buffer Systems of the Human Body | |
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| Acidosis and Alkalosis | |
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| Respiratory and Renal Compensatory Mechanisms | |
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| Clinical Interpretation of Blood Gases and Acid-Base Status | |
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| The Causes of Hypoxia | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Control of Breathing | |
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| Objectives | |
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| The Generation of Spontaneous Rhythmicity | |
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| The Medullary Respiratory Center | |
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| The Pontine Respiratory Groups | |
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| Spinal Pathways | |
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| Reflex Mechanisms of Respiratory Control | |
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| Influences of Higher Centers | |
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| The Response to Carbon Dioxide | |
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| The Response to Hydrogen Ions | |
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| The Response to Hypoxia | |
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| The Response to Exercise | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms | |
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| Nonrespiratory Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation | |
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| Metabolic Functions of the Lung | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Respiratory System Under Stress | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Exercise and the Respiratory System | |
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| Altitude and Acclimatization | |
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| Diving and the Respiratory System | |
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| Sleep and the Respiratory System | |
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| Key Concepts | |
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| Clinical Problems | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Clinical Problem Answers | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Symbols Used in Respiratory Physiology | |
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| The Laws Governing the Behavior of Gases | |
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| Frequently Used Equations | |
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| Table of Normal Respiratory and Circulatory Values | |
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| General Suggested Readings | |
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| Index | |