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About the Author | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Preface | |
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Cellular Radio History and Development | |
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Definition of Cellular Radio: The Cellular Concept | |
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Cellular System Objectives | |
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AMPS: The American Cellular Standard | |
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AMPS Technical Specifications | |
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The Cellular Market Structure: MSAs and RSAs | |
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The "A" Carrier and "B" Carrier Designations | |
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Initial Cellular Licensing | |
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Test Questions | |
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Basic Wireless Network Design and Operation | |
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Frequency Reuse and Planning | |
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Distance-to-Reuse Ratio | |
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Call-Handoff | |
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Maps Used in Wireless System Design | |
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The Hexagon Grid | |
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Fundamental Wireless System Components | |
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The Mobile Phone | |
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The Cell Base Station | |
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The Backhaul Network | |
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The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) | |
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Interconnection to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and the Internet | |
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POP Counts | |
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Test Questions | |
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The Cell Base Station | |
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Overview | |
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Criteria and Methods for Cell Placement | |
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Selecting Cell Base Station Locations | |
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Cell Base Station Deployment | |
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Base Station Shelters | |
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Cells on Wheels (COWs) | |
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Enhancers | |
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Microcells | |
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Picocells and Nanocells | |
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Test Questions | |
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Radio Frequency Operation and Technologies | |
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Introduction | |
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Signal Fading and Degradation | |
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Ducting | |
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Absorption | |
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Free-Space Loss | |
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Multipath (Rayleigh) Fading | |
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Wireless Frequency Bands | |
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In-Building Coverage | |
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Frequency Coordination | |
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System Interference | |
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Cochannel Interference | |
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Adjacent-Channel Interference | |
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Intermodulation Interference (IM) | |
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Radio Frequency Channelization | |
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Paired Channels | |
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Channel Spacing | |
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Control Channels | |
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Bluetooth | |
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Ultra-Wideband Wireless (UWB) | |
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UWB Drivers | |
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Software-Defined Radio (SDR) | |
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Cognitive Radio | |
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Test Questions | |
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Antennas, Power, and Sectorization | |
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Overview | |
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Omnidirectional Antennas and Gain | |
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Collinear Array Antennas | |
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Directional Antennas | |
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Downtilt Antennas | |
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Criteria Used to Select Base Station Antennas | |
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Radio Frequency (RF) Power | |
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Effective Radiated Power (ERP) | |
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Carrier-to-Interference (CI) Ratio | |
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Allowable Power Levels | |
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Sectorization | |
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The Grid Angle | |
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Tower Mounting of Directional Antennas | |
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Front-to-Back Ratio | |
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Smart Antenna Systems | |
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Switched-Beam Smart Antenna Systems | |
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Adaptive-Array Smart Antenna Systems | |
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Summary of Smart Antenna Systems | |
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Gas Plasma Antennas | |
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Test Questions | |
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Digital Wireless Technologies | |
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Digital-Wireless Systems Versus Analog Wireless Systems | |
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Vocoders | |
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Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Technology | |
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History | |
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TDMA Operations and Deployment | |
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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Technology | |
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Spread-Spectrum Technology | |
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CDMA Basics | |
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CDMAOne and CDMA 2000 | |
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CDMA Architecture | |
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The Benefits of CDMA Technology | |
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Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Technology | |
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GSM Architecture and Subsystems | |
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GSM Adjunct Systems | |
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GSM Versus CDMA | |
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Test Questions | |
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3G: Third- Generation Wireless | |
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3G Systems and IMT 2000 | |
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Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) | |
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UMTS Network Architecture | |
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The UMTS Core Network | |
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UMTS Radio Access | |
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UMTS Mobile Terminals | |
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The History of UMTS/3G Deployments | |
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CDMA2000 | |
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Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) | |
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U.S. 3G Deployments | |
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Vendors | |
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3G Applications | |
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High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA) | |
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Benefits of HSDPA | |
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4G Wireless | |
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Conclusion | |
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Test Questions | |
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Personal Communication Services | |
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Overview | |
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PCS Types | |
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Narrowband PCS | |
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Broadband PCS | |
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PCS Markets | |
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Metropolitan Trading Areas (MTAs) | |
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Basic Trading Areas (BTAs) | |
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Licensing Mechanisms and the Spectrum Auctions | |
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PCS Market Buildouts and Evolution of the Marketplace | |
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FCC License Restrictions for PCS Markets | |
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RF Propagation and Cell Density | |
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Digital Wireless Technology Selection | |
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The Microwave Relocation Requirement | |
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Test Questions | |
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Towers | |
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Overview | |
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Site Surveys | |
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Monopole Towers | |
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Stealth Towers | |
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Free-Standing Towers | |
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Free-Standing Tower Anchoring Options | |
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Guyed Towers | |
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Structural Design Options for Free-Standing and Guyed Towers | |
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Solid-Leg Design | |
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Tubular-Leg Design | |
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Angular-Leg Design | |
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Tower Loading | |
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FAA Regulations | |
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The 7460 Forms | |
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Tower Lighting and Marking | |
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Co-Siting and Tower Collocation | |
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Tower Maintenance | |
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Weather, Corrosion, and Loading | |
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Preventive Maintenance | |
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Test Questions | |
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Base Station Equipment and Radio Frequency (RF) Signal Flow | |
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Omnidirectional Antennas and Space Diversity | |
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Base Station Equipment Configurations | |
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Transceivers | |
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RF Signal Flow Through a Cell Site: The Downlink (Forward Channel) | |
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RF Signal Flow Through a Cell Site: The Uplink (Reverse Channel) | |
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Test Questions | |
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Capacity Management, Propagation Models, and Drive Testing | |
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Cell Splitting | |
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Overlay/Underlay | |
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Directed Retry | |
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Propagation Modeling Tools | |
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The Hata-Okumura Propagation Model | |
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The Cost-231 Walfisch/Ikegami Propagation Model | |
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Drive Tests | |
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Test Questions | |
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The Mobile Switching Center, the Network Operations Center, and the Backhaul Network | |
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Overview | |
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The Base Station Controller (BSC) | |
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MSC High-Level Functions | |
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MSC Adjunct Processes and Network Peripherals | |
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The Network Operations Center (NOC) | |
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The Backhaul Network: Cell-to-MSC Connections | |
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The Packet Transport Option in the Backhaul Network | |
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Transmission Media | |
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Network Configuration Options | |
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Star Configuration | |
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Ring Configuration | |
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Daisy-Chain Configuration | |
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Test Questions | |
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Microwave Radio Systems | |
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Overview | |
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Microwave System Development and Design | |
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Network Documentation | |
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Network Design | |
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Site Selection | |
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Path Studies | |
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Frequency Management | |
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Diversity and Protection Schemes | |
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Microwave System Capacity Options | |
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Microwave System Reliability: Index of Refractivity | |
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Unlicensed Microwave Systems | |
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The Basics | |
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Specifications | |
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Coax and Waveguide | |
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Microwave Radio Antennas | |
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Parabolic Reflectors | |
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Horn Reflectors | |
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Microwave Radio System Software Modeling Tools | |
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Test Questions | |
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Interconnection to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and the Internet | |
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Overview | |
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The Structure of the PSTN | |
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Local Access and Transport Areas | |
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Elements of Interconnection | |
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The Circuit | |
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The Trunk and Bandwidth | |
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Telephone Numbers (For Resale) | |
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Interconnection Operations | |
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Types of Interconnection | |
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Type 2A Interconnection | |
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Type 2T Interconnection | |
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Type 1 Interconnection | |
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Type 2B Interconnection | |
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Dedicated Interconnection to an IXC | |
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Intramarket Wireless Carrier-to-Carrier Interconnection | |
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Point-to-Point Circuits | |
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Cost Structures and Rate Elements | |
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Cost-per-Minute Charges | |
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Rating Structures | |
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Special Construction Charges | |
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Interconnection Agreements | |
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Tariffs | |
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Custom Contracts | |
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Least-Cost Routing | |
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Internet Connections | |
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Wireless Local Number Portability (WLNP) | |
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Reciprocal Compensation | |
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Enhanced 911 Service (E-911) and Locator Technology | |
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Locator Technologies | |
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Test Questions | |
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Roaming and Intercarrier Networking | |
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Overview | |
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The Early Days of Roaming | |
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Roaming Agreements | |
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Modern Roaming Systems | |
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Roaming and Digital Interoperability | |
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Signaling System 7 (SS7) Overview | |
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Signal Transfer Points (STPs) | |
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The Home Location Register (HLR) | |
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The Visitor Location Register (VLR) | |
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Third-Party SS7 Roaming Networks | |
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The ANSI-41 Signaling Standard | |
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Automatic Call Delivery (ACD) | |
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The ACD Process | |
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SS7 Interconnection (ACD) Between Wireless Carriers and Third-Party SS7 Networks | |
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SS7 Interconnection (ACD) Between Different (Competing) Wireless Carriers | |
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Intracarrier SS7 Interconnection (ACD) | |
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Intersystem Handoff (IHO) | |
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International Roaming | |
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Wireless Intelligent Network (WIN) | |
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The Current Status of WIN Standards | |
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WIN Functions | |
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WIN Applications | |
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Test Questions | |
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Wireless Data Technologies | |
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Use Paradigms | |
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Signal Quality | |
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Short Message Services | |
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Overview | |
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Network Elements and Architecture | |
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Service Elements | |
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Subscriber Services | |
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SMS Applications | |
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Benefits of SMS | |
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Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) | |
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Cellemetry | |
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Overview | |
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System Description | |
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Modes of Operation | |
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Applications | |
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General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) | |
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GPRS Architecture | |
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GPRS Data Communication | |
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GPRS Terminals | |
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Network Attributes of GPRS | |
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Limitations of GPRS | |
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Applications Supported by GPRS | |
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Benefits of GPRS | |
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EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution | |
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GPRS and EDGE: The Technical Differences | |
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EDGE Technology | |
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EDGE Impact on GSM/GPRS Networks | |
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Benefits of EDGE | |
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Skepticism About EDGE | |
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The Mobile IP Standard | |
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Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) | |
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WAP Subprotocols | |
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Test Questions | |
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The New Age of Cell Phones | |
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Introduction | |
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The All-in-One Cell Phone | |
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Cutting-Edge Mobile Innovations-The Future of the Cell Phone | |
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The Camera Phone Revolution | |
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Ringtones | |
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Cell Phone Viruses | |
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Is All This Really Necessary? | |
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Test Questions | |
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The Business Side and Wireless Applications | |
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The CTIA | |
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Cultural Impact and Hot Buttons | |
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The Wireless Explosion: The Growth of the Most Popular Consumer Technology in History | |
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Key Industry Drivers | |
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The Commoditization of Wireless | |
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Landline Replacement | |
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The Death of Long-Distance and Roaming Charges | |
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Mergers, Acquisitions, and the Rule of Three | |
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Cost per Gross Add and ARPU | |
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Price per Minute Rates | |
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Churn | |
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Agents and Resellers | |
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Prepayment Offerings | |
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Wireless Market Ownership | |
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Wireless Applications | |
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E-Mail and Internet Access | |
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Intranet Access | |
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Unified Messaging | |
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Value-Added Services | |
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Video Streaming | |
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Location-Based Services and Telematics | |
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Vertical Applications for Business | |
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Advertising | |
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Test Questions | |
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ESMR and Nextel | |
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SMR Overview | |
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Migration to Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR): Nextel Corporation | |
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iDEN Technology | |
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Assessment of iDEN Technology | |
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Sprint Buys Nextel | |
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Test Questions | |
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Wi-Fi (802.11 Wireless Fidelity) | |
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Overview | |
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Wi-Fi Operations and Hot Spots | |
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Operation Modes | |
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Association, Cellular Architectures, and Roaming | |
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Standards and Tech Specs | |
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Wi-Fi Security | |
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Auxiliary Wi-Fi Standards | |
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Wi-Fi Integration with Other Wireless Technologies and Macrocellular Networks | |
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Hype into Reality | |
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Wi-Fi Benefits and the Competitive Advantage of Wireless | |
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Test Questions | |
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802.16 WiMAX | |
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WiMAX: The Wireless MAN Solution | |
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WiMAX Network Architecture | |
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WiMAX Standards and Development | |
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802.16a | |
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802.16e | |
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WiMAX Application Options | |
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Wireless Carrier Backhaul Network | |
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Broadband on Demand | |
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Supplementing Gaps in Cable and DSL Coverage | |
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Areas Underserved by Broadband | |
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Extendable Wireless Access | |
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Licensing | |
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Proceeding with Caution | |
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Test Questions | |
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Home Networking | |
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Introduction | |
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Home Network Basics | |
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Computers | |
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Network Interface Cards, Hubs, and Routing | |
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Why Home Networking? | |
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Home Network Applications | |
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Home Network Architecture | |
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Home Network Operations | |
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Technology Options for Home Networks | |
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| |
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3): 10/100 Mbps | |
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Wireless (Wi-Fi): 11 Mbps to 54 Mbps | |
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Ultra-Wideband Wireless | |
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| |
Phone Line (HomePNA 2.0): 10 Mbps | |
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| |
| |
Powerline Networking: 10 to 14 Mbps | |
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| |
Universal Serial Bus (USB) | |
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| |
Selecting the Right Infrastructure Technology | |