Preface | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Audience | p. 7 |
Endnotes | p. 7 |
Definitions | p. 11 |
What Is the Spectrum? | p. 11 |
Interference | p. 16 |
What Kinds of Signals Interfere with Radio Astronomy? | p. 17 |
Spectrum Pollution | p. 20 |
Natural Conflict | p. 24 |
The Haves and the Have-nots | |
Competing Technologies/Applications | p. 24 |
Competing Users | p. 26 |
Managers and Users | p. 28 |
Endnotes | p. 31 |
Physical Characteristics | p. 35 |
Radiocommunications Theory | p. 35 |
Radio-Wave Creation and Propagation | p. 35 |
1865 to the Present | p. 36 |
Various Segments | p. 40 |
Extremely Low Frequency | p. 41 |
Super Low Frequency | p. 42 |
Ultra Low Frequency | p. 42 |
Very Low Frequency, Low Frequency, and Medium Frequency | p. 43 |
High Frequency | p. 48 |
RF Skin Effect | p. 60 |
Very High, Ultrahigh, and Superhigh Frequencies: 30 MHz to 30 GHz | p. 63 |
Extremely High Frequency | p. 65 |
No Borders | p. 66 |
Ultra Wideband | p. 66 |
Spread Spectrum | p. 66 |
Appendix A: Radio Wave Propagation | p. 69 |
Solar Flare Effects | p. 70 |
Energetic Particle Effects | p. 71 |
Geomagnetic Storm Effects | p. 72 |
Appendix B: HF Allocations in the United States | p. 74 |
HF Band Usage in the United States | p. 75 |
Aeronautical Mobile Service | p. 77 |
Maritime Mobile Service | p. 79 |
Amateur Services | p. 79 |
Broadcasting Service | p. 80 |
Other Services | p. 80 |
Endnotes | p. 80 |
Applications | p. 89 |
Transport of Information/Energy | p. 89 |
Active Applications | p. 94 |
Defense, Security | p. 94 |
Emergency Response | p. 95 |
Navigation | p. 96 |
Mass-Media, Culture, and Propaganda | p. 97 |
Amateur Services | p. 97 |
Passive Applications | p. 98 |
Exploration: Universe and Earth | p. 98 |
Weather Prediction | p. 104 |
Domestic Applications | p. 104 |
Appendix: Spectrum Use Summary 137 MHz to 10 GHz | p. 107 |
Endnotes | p. 164 |
Spectrum Management | p. 167 |
Demand | p. 167 |
Objectives | p. 168 |
Tasks | p. 169 |
Policy Making | p. 169 |
Trends | p. 171 |
Laws and Regulations | p. 173 |
Administration | p. 182 |
Engineering | p. 183 |
Appendix A: Extract From: Report ITU-R SM.2012 "Economic Aspects of Spectrum Management" | p. 189 |
Need for Spectrum Economic Approach | p. 189 |
Requirements for National Spectrum Management | p. 190 |
Goals and Objectives | p. 190 |
Structure and Coordination | p. 191 |
Decision-Making Process | p. 191 |
Functional Responsibilities | p. 191 |
Performance of Spectrum Management Functions | p. 194 |
Studies on Economic Aspects of Spectrum Management | p. 194 |
Appendix B: Example of an Integrated Spectrum Management System | p. 196 |
WRAP--Computerized Spectrum Management from AerotechTelub, Sweden | p. 196 |
Exercise A1: Planning a Microwave Link Network | p. 202 |
Exercise A2: Earth Station Coordination | p. 211 |
Exercise A3: Licensing | p. 213 |
Exercise A4: Coordination and Notification | p. 215 |
Exercise B1: Planning a Microwave Link Network | p. 217 |
Exercise B2: Coverage for Radio Access Points | p. 225 |
Exercise B3: Coverage Under Jamming | p. 227 |
Exercise B4: Using the Site Concept | p. 230 |
Exercise B5: Checking for Collocation Interference | p. 232 |
Exercise B6: Interference Check | p. 233 |
Exercise B7: Frequency Assignment | p. 237 |
Endnotes | p. 239 |
Management Process | p. 245 |
International Spectrum Management | p. 246 |
The International Radio Regulations | p. 247 |
The International Radio Regulations in the Context of Global Regulation | p. 251 |
The ITU-R Sector | p. 255 |
ITU-R Study Groups | p. 258 |
US Spectrum Management | p. 260 |
Present Arrangements and Limitations | p. 260 |
Federal--Executive Branch | p. 260 |
State and Local | p. 262 |
Pressures from Congress and from Industry | p. 265 |
Telecom and Broadcasting by Regions | p. 266 |
Africa | p. 267 |
Americas | p. 267 |
Arab | p. 270 |
Asia-Pacific | p. 270 |
EU Spectrum Management | p. 275 |
Appendix A: US Spectrum Management | p. 278 |
Appendix B: Spectrum Management Organization Links | p. 298 |
Endnotes | p. 300 |
Observations on the Present National and Worldwide Spectrum Management and Its Remedies | p. 305 |
What Should We Do Today? | p. 305 |
The Observation | p. 305 |
Keys to a Strategy | p. 312 |
Education | p. 312 |
Communication | p. 316 |
Methodology | p. 317 |
What Should We Not Do Today? | p. 324 |
Mistakes with Agreements | p. 327 |
Consequences of Mistakes 2 and 3 | p. 330 |
Nondisclosure Agreements | p. 333 |
Providing Scheduling/Planning Information | p. 334 |
Monitoring | p. 336 |
How Are We Operating Scientific Radio Projects after 25 Years? | p. 337 |
Spectrum Development | p. 337 |
Technological Development | p. 340 |
Outside Science | p. 340 |
Scientific Applications | p. 341 |
Administrative Development or the Ratio between Public and Private Sectors | p. 342 |
Science in 2025 | p. 343 |
What Management Tools Do Scientists Have? | p. 343 |
With What Harm Can We Live? | p. 344 |
Radio Astronomy | p. 345 |
Interference Owing to Variable Propagation Conditions | p. 348 |
Interference from Transmissions Variable in Time and Location | p. 348 |
Sharing of a Frequency Band | p. 348 |
Other Science Services | p. 350 |
Regulating Tolerated Loss | p. 350 |
Passive versus Active: The Sharing Problem | p. 350 |
Endnotes | p. 354 |
Abbreviations | p. 355 |
Index | p. 359 |
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