| Preface to Second Edition | |
| Preface to First Edition | |
| Introduction | |
| How Trays Work: Flooding (Downcomer Backup) | |
| Tray Efficiency | |
| Downcomer Backup | |
| Downcomer Clearance | |
| Vapor--Flow Pressure Drop | |
| Jet Flood | |
| Incipient Flood | |
| Tower Pressure Drop and Flooding | |
| How Trays Work: Dumping (Weeping Through Tray Decks) | |
| Tray Pressure Drop | |
| Other Causes of Tray Inefficiency | |
| Bubble-Cap Trays | |
| New High Capacity Trays | |
| Why Control Tower Pressure (Options for Optimizing Tower Operating Pressure) | |
| Selecting an Optimum Tower Pressure | |
| Raising the Tower Pressure Target | |
| Lowering the Tower Pressure | |
| The Phase Rule in Distillation | |
| What Drives Distillation Towers (Reboiler Function) | |
| The Reboiler | |
| Heat-Balance Calculations | |
| How Reboilers Work (Thermosyphon, Gravity Feed, and Forced) | |
| Thermosyphon Reboilers | |
| Forced-Circulation Reboilers | |
| Kettle Reboilers | |
| Don't Forget Fouling | |
| How Instruments Work (Levels, Pressures, Flows, and Temperatures) | |
| Level | |
| Foam Affects Levels | |
| Pressure | |
| Flow | |
| Temperature | |
| Packed Towers: Better than Trays? (Packed-Bed Vapor and Liquid Distribution) | |
| How Packed Towers Work | |
| Maintaining Functional and Structural Efficiency in Packed Towers | |
| Advantages of Packing vs | |
| Trays | |
| Steam and Condensate Systems (Water Hammer and Condensate Backup, Steam-Side Reboiler Control) | |
| Steam Reboilers | |
| Condensing Heat--Transfer Rates | |
| Maintaining System Efficiency | |
| Carbonic Acid Corrosion | |
| Condensate Collection Systems | |
| Deaerators | |
| Surface Condensers | |
| Bubble Point and Dew Point (Equilibrium Concepts in Vapor-Liquid Mixtures) | |
| Bubble Point | |
| Dew Point | |
| Steam Strippers (Source of Latent Heat of Vaporization) | |
| Heat of Evaporation | |
| Stripper Efficiency | |
| Draw-off Nozzle Hydraulics (Nozzle Cavitation Due to Lack of Hydrostatic Head) | |
| Nozzle Exit Loss | |
| Critical Flow | |
| Maintaining Nozzle Efficiency | |
| Overcoming Nozzle Exit Loss Limits | |
| Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows (Closing the Tower Enthalpy Balance) | |
| The Pumparound | |
| Vapor Flow | |
| Fractionation | |
| Condensers and Tower Pressure Control (Hot-Vapor Bypass: Flooded Condenser Control) | |
| Subcooling Vapor Binding, and Condensation | |
| Pressure Control | |
| Air Coolers (Fin-Fan Coolers) | |
| Fin Fouling | |
| Fan Discharge Pressure | |
| Effect of Reduced Airflow | |
| Adjustments and Corrections to Improve Cooling | |
| Designing for Efficiency | |
| Deaerators and Steam Systems (Generating Steam in Boilers and BFW Preparation) | |
| Boiler Feedwater | |
| Boilers | |
| Convection Section Waste-Heat Steam Generation | |
| Vacuum Systems: Steam Jet Ejectors (Steam Jet Ejectors) | |
| Theory of Operation | |
| Converging and Diverging Compression | |
| Calculations, Performance, and Other Measurements in Jet Systems | |
| Optimum Vacuum Tower-Top Temperature | |
| Steam Turbines (Use of Horsepower Values and Correct Speed Control) | |
| Principle of Operation and Calculations | |
| Selecting Optimum Turbine Speed | |
| Surface Condensers | |
| The Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
| Surface Condenser Heat-Transfer Coefficients | |
| Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers | |
| Allowing for Thermal Expansion | |
| Heat-Transfer Efficiency | |
| Exchanger Cleaning | |
| Mechanical Design for Good Heat Transfer | |
| Fired Heaters: Fire- and Flue-Gas Side (Draft and Afterburn Optimizing Excess A | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |