Contributors | p. xv |
Preface | p. xxxvii |
Acknowledgments | p. xxxix |
Prehospital Care | p. 1 |
Emergency Medical Services | p. 1 |
Prehospital Equipment and Adjuncts | p. 5 |
Air Medical Transport | p. 11 |
Neonatal and Pediatric Transport | p. 15 |
Mass Gatherings | p. 21 |
Disaster Preparedness | p. 27 |
Disaster Medical Services | p. 27 |
Bioterrorism Response: Implications for the Emergency Clinician | p. 35 |
Disaster Management for Chemical Agents of Mass Destruction | p. 42 |
Blast and Crush Injuries | p. 46 |
Radiation Injuries | p. 50 |
Resuscitative Problems and Techniques | p. 61 |
Sudden Cardiac Death | p. 61 |
Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults | p. 66 |
Neonatal Resuscitation and Emergencies | p. 71 |
Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | p. 78 |
Pediatric Airway Management | p. 88 |
Resuscitation Issues in Pregnancy | p. 94 |
Ethical Issues of Resuscitation | p. 99 |
Noninvasive Airway Management | p. 102 |
Tracheal Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation | p. 108 |
Surgical Airway Management | p. 119 |
Vascular Access | p. 124 |
Invasive Monitoring, Pacing Techniques, and Automatic and Implantable Defibrillators | p. 132 |
Cerebral Resuscitation | p. 138 |
Newer Resuscitative Techniques | p. 141 |
Acid-Base Disorders | p. 149 |
Blood Gases: Pathophysiology and Interpretation | p. 159 |
Fluid and Electrolyte Problems | p. 167 |
Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction | p. 179 |
Pharmacology of Antidysrhythmic and Vasoactive Medications | p. 202 |
Shock | p. 219 |
Approach to the Patient in Shock | p. 219 |
Fluid and Blood Resuscitation | p. 225 |
Septic Shock | p. 231 |
Cardiogenic Shock | p. 242 |
Anaphylaxis and Acute Allergic Reactions | p. 247 |
Neurogenic Shock | p. 252 |
Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Sedation | p. 257 |
Acute Pain Management in the Adult Patient | p. 257 |
Local and Regional Anesthesia | p. 264 |
Procedural Sedation and Analgesia | p. 275 |
Management of Patients with Chronic Pain | p. 280 |
Emergency Wound Management | p. 287 |
Evaluation of Wounds | p. 287 |
Wound Preparation | p. 289 |
Methods for Wound Closure | p. 292 |
Lacerations to the Face and Scalp | p. 298 |
Injuries to the Arm, Hand, Fingertip, and Nail | p. 305 |
Lacerations of the Leg and Foot | p. 312 |
Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies | p. 317 |
Puncture Wounds and Mammalian Bites | p. 324 |
Postrepair Wound Care | p. 328 |
Cardiovascular Disease | p. 333 |
Approach to Chest Pain | p. 333 |
Acute Coronary Syndromes: Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina | p. 343 |
Intervention Strategies for Acute Coronary Syndromes | p. 352 |
Syncope | p. 359 |
Congestive Heart Failure and Acute Pulmonary Edema | p. 364 |
Valvular Emergencies | p. 373 |
The Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis, and Pericardial Disease | p. 378 |
Pulmonary Embolism | p. 386 |
Hypertension | p. 394 |
Aortic Dissection and Aneurysms | p. 404 |
Thrombophlebitis and Occlusive Arterial Disease | p. 409 |
Cardiac Transplantation | p. 418 |
Noninvasive Myocardial Imaging | p. 424 |
Pulmonary Emergencies | p. 437 |
Respiratory Distress | p. 437 |
Bronchitis, Pneumonia, and Pleural Empyema | p. 445 |
Aspiration Pneumonia and Lung Abscess | p. 453 |
Tuberculosis | p. 458 |
Spontaneous and Iatrogenic Pneumothorax | p. 462 |
Hemoptysis | p. 465 |
Acute Asthma in Adults | p. 467 |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | p. 475 |
The Lung Transplant Patient | p. 480 |
Pulmonary Imaging | p. 483 |
Gastrointestinal Emergencies | p. 487 |
Acute Abdominal Pain | p. 487 |
Abdominal Pain in the Elderly | p. 501 |
Gastrointestinal Bleeding | p. 505 |
Esophageal Emergencies | p. 508 |
Swallowed Foreign Bodies | p. 513 |
Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastritis | p. 516 |
Acute Appendicitis | p. 520 |
Intestinal Obstruction | p. 523 |
Hernia in Adults and Children | p. 527 |
Ileitis, Colitis, and Diverticulitis | p. 530 |
Anorectal Disorders | p. 539 |
Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Constipation | p. 551 |
Jaundic | p. 560 |
Cholecystitis and Biliary Colic | p. 561 |
Hepatic Disorders and Hepatic Failure | p. 566 |
Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis | p. 573 |
Complications of General Surgical Procedures | p. 577 |
Complications of Gastrointestinal Devices | p. 583 |
The Liver Transplant Patient | p. 585 |
Gastrointestinal Imaging | p. 590 |
Renal and Genitourinary Disorders | p. 593 |
Acute Renal Failure | p. 593 |
Emergencies in Renal Failure and Dialysis Patients | p. 599 |
Urinary Tract Infections | p. 606 |
Male Genital Problems | p. 613 |
Urologic Stone Disease | p. 620 |
Hematuria and Hematospermia | p. 625 |
Complications of Urologic Procedures and Devices | p. 629 |
The Renal Transplant Patient | p. 633 |
Renal Imaging | p. 640 |
Gynecology and Obstetrics | p. 647 |
Vaginal Bleeding in the Nonpregnant Patient | p. 647 |
Abdominal and Pelvic Pain in the Nonpregnant Patient | p. 653 |
Ectopic Pregnancy | p. 658 |
Normal Pregnancy | p. 664 |
Comorbid Diseases in Pregnancy | p. 670 |
Emergencies During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period | p. 676 |
Emergency Delivery | p. 684 |
Vulvovaginitis | p. 691 |
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | p. 697 |
Breast Disorders | p. 700 |
Urogynecologic Disorders and Gynecologic Oncology | p. 705 |
Complications of Gynecologic Procedures | p. 710 |
Pelvic Ultrasonography | p. 715 |
Pediatrics | p. 727 |
The Normal Child | p. 727 |
Fever | p. 731 |
Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Meningitis in Children | p. 735 |
Common Neonatal Problems | p. 742 |
The NICU Graduate | p. 752 |
SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) and ALTE (Apparent Life-Threatening Event) | p. 755 |
Pediatric Heart Disease | p. 758 |
Otitis and Pharyngitis in Children | p. 769 |
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections | p. 778 |
Viral and Bacterial Pneumonia in Children | p. 784 |
Pediatric Asthma and Bronchiolitis | p. 789 |
Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Children | p. 798 |
Vomiting and Diarrhea in Children | p. 808 |
Pediatric Abdominal Emergencies | p. 813 |
Diabetic Ketoacidosis | p. 821 |
Hypoglycemia | p. 825 |
Altered Mental Status and Headache in Children | p. 831 |
Syncope and Sudden Death | p. 838 |
Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy | p. 843 |
Upper Respiratory Emergencies | p. 848 |
Acute Pain Management and Procedural Sedation in Children | p. 858 |
Pediatric Exanthems | p. 869 |
Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children | p. 876 |
Sickle Cell Disease | p. 890 |
Evaluating the Child with Special Health Care Needs | p. 895 |
Urologic and Gynecologic Problems in Children | p. 900 |
Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections | p. 905 |
Infectious Diseases | p. 909 |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases | p. 909 |
Toxic Shock Syndrome and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome | p. 913 |
Common Viral Infections: Influenzaviruses and Herpesviruses | p. 919 |
HIV Infection and AIDS | p. 925 |
Infective Endocarditis | p. 937 |
Tetanus | p. 943 |
Rabies | p. 946 |
Malaria | p. 953 |
Infections from Helminths | p. 959 |
Food-Borne and Water-Borne Diseases | p. 964 |
Zoonotic Infections | p. 969 |
Soft Tissue Infections | p. 979 |
Reportable Infectious Diseases | p. 987 |
Occupational Exposures, Infection Control, and Standard Precautions | p. 994 |
Pharmacology of Antimicrobials, Antifungals, and Antivirals | p. 1006 |
Toxicology and Pharmacology | p. 1015 |
General Management of Poisoned Patients | p. 1015 |
Principles of Drug Interactions | p. 1022 |
Tricyclic Antidepressants | p. 1025 |
Newer Antidepressants and Serotonin Syndrome | p. 1033 |
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors | p. 1039 |
Antipsychotics | p. 1044 |
Lithium | p. 1048 |
Barbiturates | p. 1051 |
Benzodiazepines | p. 1055 |
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnosedatives | p. 1057 |
Alcohols | p. 1064 |
Opioids | p. 1071 |
Cocaine, Amphetamines, Caffeine, and Nicotine | p. 1075 |
Hallucinogens | p. 1079 |
Salicylates | p. 1085 |
Acetaminophen | p. 1088 |
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | p. 1094 |
Theophylline | p. 1098 |
Digitalis Glycosides | p. 1102 |
[beta]-Blocker Toxicity | p. 1105 |
Calcium Channel Blockers | p. 1108 |
Antihypertensive Agent Toxicity | p. 1112 |
Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin Toxicity | p. 1117 |
Iron | p. 1121 |
Hydrocarbons and Volatile Substances | p. 1124 |
Caustics | p. 1130 |
Insecticides, Herbicides, Rodenticides | p. 1134 |
Anticholinergic Toxicity | p. 1143 |
Metals and Metalloids | p. 1146 |
Toxicology of Hazardous Chemicals | p. 1153 |
Vitamins and Herbals | p. 1160 |
Antimicrobials | p. 1164 |
Cyanide | p. 1165 |
Dyshemoglobinemias | p. 1169 |
Hypoglycemic Agents | p. 1172 |
Environmental Injuries | p. 1175 |
Frostbite and Other Localized Cold-Related Injuries | p. 1175 |
Hypothermia | p. 1179 |
Heat Emergencies | p. 1183 |
Arthropod Bites and Stings | p. 1190 |
Reptile Bites | p. 1200 |
Trauma and Envenomations from Marine Fauna | p. 1206 |
Dysbarism and Complications of Diving | p. 1213 |
Near-Drowning | p. 1218 |
Thermal Burns | p. 1220 |
Chemical Burns | p. 1226 |
Electrical Injuries | p. 1231 |
Lightning Injuries | p. 1235 |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning | p. 1238 |
Mushroom Poisoning | p. 1242 |
Poisonous Plants | p. 1246 |
Emergency Medicine in Unique Environments | p. 1251 |
World Travelers | p. 1251 |
High-Altitude Medical Problems | p. 1263 |
Antarctic Medicine | p. 1271 |
Space Medicine | p. 1275 |
Endocrine Emergencies | p. 1283 |
Hypoglycemia | p. 1283 |
Diabetic Ketoacidosis | p. 1287 |
Diabetes Mellitus | p. 1294 |
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis | p. 1304 |
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State | p. 1307 |
Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid Storm | p. 1311 |
Hypothyroidism and Myxedema Coma | p. 1313 |
Adrenal Insufficiency and Adrenal Crisis | p. 1315 |
Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies | p. 1319 |
Evaluation of Anemia and the Bleeding Patient | p. 1319 |
Acquired Bleeding Disorders | p. 1324 |
Hemophilias and Von Willebrand Disease | p. 1330 |
Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias | p. 1335 |
Acquired Hemolytic Anemia | p. 1341 |
Transfusion Therapy | p. 1348 |
Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Agents, and Fibrinolytics | p. 1354 |
Emergency Complications of Malignancy | p. 1363 |
Neurology | p. 1369 |
The Neurologic Examination in the Emergency Setting | p. 1369 |
Headache and Facial Pain | p. 1375 |
Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, and Other Central Focal Conditions | p. 1382 |
Altered Mental Status and Coma | p. 1390 |
Ataxia and Gait Disturbances | p. 1397 |
Vertigo and Dizziness | p. 1400 |
Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Adults | p. 1409 |
Acute Peripheral Neurologic Lesions | p. 1418 |
Chronic Neurologic Disorders | p. 1423 |
CNS Infections | p. 1431 |
Complications of Central Nervous System Devices | p. 1437 |
Approach to Neuroimaging in the Emergency Department | p. 1441 |
Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat, and Oral Surgery | p. 1449 |
Ocular Emergencies | p. 1449 |
Common Disorders of the External, Middle, and Inner Ear | p. 1464 |
Face and Jaw Emergencies | p. 1471 |
Nasal Emergencies and Sinusitis | p. 1476 |
Oral and Dental Emergencies | p. 1482 |
Infections and Disorders of the Neck and Upper Airway | p. 1494 |
Complications of Airway Devices | p. 1501 |
Disorders of the Skin | p. 1507 |
Approach to the Dermatologic Patient in the Emergency Department | p. 1507 |
Serious Generalized Skin Disorders | p. 1513 |
Disorders of the Face and Scalp | p. 1520 |
Disorders of the Hands, Feet, and Extremities | p. 1526 |
Disorders of the Groin and Skin Folds | p. 1532 |
Infestations | p. 1535 |
Trauma | p. 1537 |
Initial Approach to Trauma | p. 1537 |
Pediatric Trauma | p. 1542 |
Geriatric Trauma | p. 1549 |
Trauma in Pregnancy | p. 1553 |
Head Injury | p. 1557 |
Spinal Cord Injuries | p. 1569 |
Maxillofacial Trauma | p. 1583 |
Penetrating and Blunt Neck Trauma | p. 1590 |
Thoracic Trauma | p. 1595 |
Abdominal Injuries | p. 1613 |
Penetrating Trauma to the Flank and Buttock | p. 1620 |
Genitourinary Trauma | p. 1622 |
Penetrating Trauma to the Extremities | p. 1629 |
Wound Ballistics | p. 1633 |
Forensics | p. 1639 |
Injury Control | p. 1645 |
Injuries to the Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue | p. 1651 |
Initial Evaluation and Management of Orthopedic Injuries | p. 1651 |
Injuries to the Hand and Digits | p. 1665 |
Wrist Injuries | p. 1674 |
Injuries to the Elbow and Forearm | p. 1684 |
Injuries to the Shoulder Complex and Humerus | p. 1695 |
Injuries to the Spine | p. 1702 |
Trauma to the Pelvis, Hip, and Femur | p. 1712 |
Knee Injuries | p. 1726 |
Leg Injuries | p. 1734 |
Ankle Injuries | p. 1736 |
Foot Injuries | p. 1742 |
Compartment Syndromes | p. 1746 |
Rhabdomyolysis | p. 1749 |
Orthopedic Devices and Reconstructions | p. 1752 |
Nontraumatic Musculoskeletal Disorders | p. 1769 |
Neck Pain | p. 1769 |
Thoracic and Lumbar Pain Syndromes | p. 1773 |
Shoulder Pain | p. 1779 |
Emergencies in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases | p. 1786 |
Nontraumatic Disorders of the Hand | p. 1789 |
Acute Disorders of the Joints and Bursae | p. 1795 |
Soft Tissue Problems of the Foot | p. 1801 |
Psychosocial Disorders | p. 1807 |
Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Features | p. 1807 |
Behavioral Disorders: Emergency Assessment | p. 1812 |
Psychotropic Medications | p. 1816 |
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa | p. 1822 |
Panic Disorder | p. 1826 |
Conversion Disorder | p. 1830 |
Notifying the Living of Death | p. 1832 |
Substance and Alcohol Abuse | p. 1835 |
Physican Well-Being | p. 1841 |
Abuse and Assault | p. 1847 |
Child Abuse and Neglect | p. 1847 |
Female and Male Sexual Assault | p. 1850 |
Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse | p. 1854 |
Abuse in the Elderly and Impaired | p. 1858 |
Violence in the Emergency Department | p. 1860 |
Principles of Imaging | p. 1865 |
Contrast Studies | p. 1865 |
Principles of Emergency Department Sonography | p. 1870 |
Principles of Emergency Department Use of Computed Tomography | p. 1878 |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and Some Applications | p. 1883 |
Special Situations | p. 1891 |
Injection Drug Users | p. 1891 |
The Elder Patient | p. 1896 |
Adults with Physical Disabilities | p. 1900 |
The Mentally Retarded Adult | p. 1903 |
The Homeless Patient | p. 1906 |
The Morbidly Obese Patient | p. 1908 |
Patient Safety in Emergency Medicine | p. 1912 |
Index | p. 1919 |
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