| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Purpose of This Book | |
| |
| |
| Intended Audience | |
| |
| |
| Overview of This Book | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| How to Use This Book for Courses | |
| |
| |
| Author's Disclaimer | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| Drivers and Enablers of ATM | |
| |
| |
| Business Drivers for ATM | |
| |
| |
| Defining Communications Needs | |
| |
| |
| Business Drivers for the Use of ATM | |
| |
| |
| Application Drivers for ATM | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| Technology Enablers for ATM | |
| |
| |
| From Voice Networks to Data Networks | |
| |
| |
| The Data Revolution | |
| |
| |
| What is ATM? -- The 30,000 Foot View | |
| |
| |
| Advances in Transmission, Protocol and Computing | |
| |
| |
| Lower Cost ATM Lowers Networking Costs | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Computer and Information Networking Directions | |
| |
| |
| Networking Trends Driving the Need for ATM | |
| |
| |
| ATM -- Network Infrastructure of the Next Decade | |
| |
| |
| Outsourcing Trends Continue | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Digital Communications Network and Protocol Fundamentals | |
| |
| |
| Networks, Circuits, Multiplexing, and Switching | |
| |
| |
| General Network Topologies | |
| |
| |
| Data Communications and Private Lines | |
| |
| |
| Data Transmission Methods | |
| |
| |
| Principles of Multiplexing and Switching | |
| |
| |
| Examples of Multiplexing | |
| |
| |
| Examples of Switching | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Basic Protocol Concepts | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Packet-Switching | |
| |
| |
| Basic Protocol Layering Concepts | |
| |
| |
| Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model | |
| |
| |
| Layers of the OSI Reference Model | |
| |
| |
| Layered Data Communication Architectures | |
| |
| |
| Network Service Paradigms | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Time Division Multiplexing and the Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network (N-ISDN) | |
| |
| |
| Circuit Switching | |
| |
| |
| Private Line Networks | |
| |
| |
| Digital Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) | |
| |
| |
| Basics and History of Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN) | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Connection-Oriented Protocols -- X.25 and Frame Relay | |
| |
| |
| Packet-Switching | |
| |
| |
| Frame Relay -- Overview and User Plane | |
| |
| |
| Frame Relay -- Control Plane | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Connectionless Protocols -- IP and SMDS | |
| |
| |
| The Internet Protocol Suite, TCP/IP | |
| |
| |
| Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) | |
| |
| |
| Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| LANS, Bridging, and Routing | |
| |
| |
| Bridging, Routing and Internetworking | |
| |
| |
| IEEE Local Area Networking (LAN) Standards | |
| |
| |
| Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) | |
| |
| |
| Bridging Concepts, Systems, and Protocols | |
| |
| |
| Routing Concepts, Systems and Protocols | |
| |
| |
| Bridging and Routing Systems Design | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| B-ISDN/ATM Standards, Basics, Protocol, and Structure | |
| |
| |
| ATM and B-ISDN Standards and Specifications | |
| |
| |
| Standards and Specification Bodies | |
| |
| |
| Greating Standards -- The Players | |
| |
| |
| Creating Standards -- The Process | |
| |
| |
| B-ISDN Protocol Model and Architecture | |
| |
| |
| Current Directions and Open Issues | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to ATM | |
| |
| |
| ATM's Many Faces | |
| |
| |
| ATM Terminology -- A High-level Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to ATM Cells and Connections | |
| |
| |
| Using ATM Service Categories | |
| |
| |
| Rationale for the Choice of ATM Cell Size | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Physical and ATM Layers | |
| |
| |
| The Plane-Layer Truth -- An Overview | |
| |
| |
| Physical (PHY) Layer | |
| |
| |
| ATM Layer -- Protocol Model | |
| |
| |
| ATM Layer and Cell -- Definition | |
| |
| |
| ATM-Layer QOS, Traffic Parameters and Service Categories | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM Adaptation Layers | |
| |
| |
| ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) -- Protocol Model | |
| |
| |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 1 (AAL1) | |
| |
| |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) | |
| |
| |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 (AAL3/4) | |
| |
| |
| ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Higher-Layer User, Management, and Control Planes | |
| |
| |
| Higher-Layer User Plane Overview | |
| |
| |
| Management Plane | |
| |
| |
| Control Plane Overview | |
| |
| |
| Control Plane Structure and AAL | |
| |
| |
| Control Plane Addressing | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Signaling and Routing in the Control Plane | |
| |
| |
| User-Network Interface (UNI) Signaling | |
| |
| |
| Signaling Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Network Node Interface (NNI) Signaling | |
| |
| |
| Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol (IISP) | |
| |
| |
| The ATM Forum's Routing Protocol - PNNI | |
| |
| |
| Broadband Intercarrier Interface (B-ICI) | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM Hardware, Software, and Higher-Layer Protocols | |
| |
| |
| ATM Hardware and Software | |
| |
| |
| Key Attributes of ATM Switches | |
| |
| |
| ATM Switch Types and Categories | |
| |
| |
| ATM Enabled Enterprise and Lan Backbone Devices | |
| |
| |
| End System ATM Hardware and Software | |
| |
| |
| ATM Chip Sets and Processors | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM Interworking with Voice and Video | |
| |
| |
| Voice Over ATM | |
| |
| |
| Circuit Emulation Services (CES) | |
| |
| |
| Interworking with Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN) | |
| |
| |
| Voice and Telephony Over ATM (VTOA) | |
| |
| |
| Residential Broadband (RBB) | |
| |
| |
| Audio/Visual Multimedia Services (AMS) | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM Interworking with Frame Relay, SMDS, DXI, and FUNI | |
| |
| |
| Interworking, Access, and Trunking | |
| |
| |
| Frame Relay/ATM Interworking | |
| |
| |
| Frame Relay/ATM Network Interworking | |
| |
| |
| Frame Relay/ATM Service Interworking | |
| |
| |
| SMDS Access to ATM | |
| |
| |
| Frame-Based Interfaces Supporting ATM | |
| |
| |
| ATM Data Exchange Interface (DXI) | |
| |
| |
| Frame Relay User-to-Network Interface (FUNI) | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM in the Local Area Network | |
| |
| |
| Lan Emulation (LANE) | |
| |
| |
| Cells in Frames (CIF) | |
| |
| |
| Multi-Protocol Encapsulation Over AAL5 | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM and Internetworking | |
| |
| |
| IP Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) Over AAL5 | |
| |
| |
| Classical IP Over ATM | |
| |
| |
| Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) | |
| |
| |
| Multiprotocol Over ATM (MPOA) | |
| |
| |
| IP Multicast Over ATM | |
| |
| |
| Reinventing IP Over ATM | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM Traffic Management, and Congestion Control | |
| |
| |
| The Traffic Contract | |
| |
| |
| The Traffic Contract | |
| |
| |
| Reference Models | |
| |
| |
| Quality of Service | |
| |
| |
| Traffic Parameters and Conformance Checking | |
| |
| |
| ATM Service Categories | |
| |
| |
| Conformance Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM Traffic Control and Available Bit Rate (ABR) | |
| |
| |
| Traffic and Congestion Control | |
| |
| |
| Usage and Network Parameter Control | |
| |
| |
| Available Bit Rate (ABR) Closed-Loop Flow Control | |
| |
| |
| Traffic Shaping | |
| |
| |
| Delay and Loss Priority Control | |
| |
| |
| Generic Flow Control | |
| |
| |
| Connection Admission Control (CAC) | |
| |
| |
| Resource Management Using Virtual Paths | |
| |
| |
| Other Traffic Control Methods | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Congestion Indication and Control | |
| |
| |
| What Is Congestion Control? | |
| |
| |
| Congestion Management | |
| |
| |
| Congestion Avoidance | |
| |
| |
| Congestion Avoidance Via Flow Control | |
| |
| |
| Congestion Recovery | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Communications Engineering, Traffic Engineering, and Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Basic Communications Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Probability Theory | |
| |
| |
| Common Digital Signals and their Spectra | |
| |
| |
| Error Models and Channel Capacity | |
| |
| |
| Error Detecting and Correcting Codes | |
| |
| |
| Data Compression | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Traffic Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Overview of Queuing Theory | |
| |
| |
| Call Attempt Rates, Blocking and Queuing | |
| |
| |
| Performance of Buffering Methods | |
| |
| |
| Deterministic CBR Performance | |
| |
| |
| Random VBR Performance | |
| |
| |
| Equivalent Capacity | |
| |
| |
| Priority Queuing Performance | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Impact of Delay, Loss, and Delay Variation | |
| |
| |
| TCP Performance Over ATM | |
| |
| |
| Voice and Data Integration | |
| |
| |
| Private Versus Public Networking | |
| |
| |
| Network Performance Modeling | |
| |
| |
| Reaction to Extreme Situations | |
| |
| |
| Traffic Engineering Complexity | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Operations, Network Management, and ATM Layer Management | |
| |
| |
| Operational Philosophy and Network Management Architectures | |
| |
| |
| OAMandP Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Problem and the State of the Solution | |
| |
| |
| Network Management Architectures | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Network Management Protocols and Management Information Bases (MIBs) | |
| |
| |
| Network Management Protocols | |
| |
| |
| Management Information Bases (MIB) | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| ATM Layer Management and Performance Measurement | |
| |
| |
| OAM Flow Reference Architecture | |
| |
| |
| OAM Cell Formats | |
| |
| |
| Fault Management | |
| |
| |
| Restoration | |
| |
| |
| Performance Specification and Measurement | |
| |
| |
| NP/QoS Reference Configuration | |
| |
| |
| ATM NP/QoS Measurement | |
| |
| |
| NP/QoS Parameter Estimation | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Competing Technologies and Future Directions Involving ATM | |
| |
| |
| Technologies Competing with ATM in the WAN | |
| |
| |
| Circuit, Message, and Packet Switching | |
| |
| |
| Key Wan Requirements | |
| |
| |
| ATM Compared with STM | |
| |
| |
| Voice Over ATM, Frame Relay, and the Internet | |
| |
| |
| Cells Versus Frames for Packet-Switching | |
| |
| |
| ATM Versus IP Packet Video Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| Multiservice Efficiency Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Technologies Competing with ATM in the LAN | |
| |
| |
| Key LAN Requirements | |
| |
| |
| Survey of Competing LAN Technologies | |
| |
| |
| LAN Technology Performance Comparison | |
| |
| |
| LAN Technology Comparison | |
| |
| |
| QOS and Bandwidth Reservation: RSVP or ATM? | |
| |
| |
| Comparison Analysis of Connection-Oriented Versus Connectionless Networking Paradigms | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Future Directions Involving ATM | |
| |
| |
| ATM's Expansion Into New Frontiers | |
| |
| |
| IP and ATM: Hand in Hand, or, in each other's Face? | |
| |
| |
| ATM's Key Challenges | |
| |
| |
| Possible Future Directions | |
| |
| |
| Architectures of Tomorrow | |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Acronyms and Abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| ATM Standards and Specifications Reference | |
| |
| |
| ITU-T Standards | |
| |
| |
| ANSI Standards | |
| |
| |
| ETSI Standards | |
| |
| |
| ATM Forum Specifications | |
| |
| |
| ATM Related IETF RFCs | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Index | |