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Preface to the Fifth Edition | |
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To the Student | |
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To the Teacher | |
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Introduction to Chemistry | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Chemistry is ... ? | |
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Matter and Energy | |
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Measurement and the Metric System | |
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Metric Prefixes | |
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Scientific Notation | |
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Volume and Density | |
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Reporting Measured Quantities | |
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Solving Problems | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Atoms, Molecules, and ions | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Introduction to the Atomic Model of Matter | |
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Development of the Early Models of the Atom | |
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The Current View of Atomic Structure | |
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Identifying Elements: Names, Symbols, and Atomic Numbers | |
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Neutrons, Isotopes, and Mass Numbers | |
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Molecules | |
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Ions | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Formulas, Equations, and Chemical Reactions | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Chemical Formulas | |
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Writing and Naming Chemical Formulas | |
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Chemical Equations | |
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Balancing a Chemical Equation | |
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Classifying Chemical Reactions | |
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Additional Material | |
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Other Ways of Naming Ionic Compounds | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Chemical Calculations | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Introduction | |
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Atomic Mass | |
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The Formula Mass of a Substance | |
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The Mole Concept and Molar Mass | |
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Problems Involving a Single Substance | |
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Problems Involving Chemical Equations | |
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Additional Material | |
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Converting Between Moles and Numbers of Particles | |
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Empirical Formula from Percent Composition | |
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Mole-Mass Problems | |
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Mass-Mass Problems | |
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Percent Yield | |
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Limiting Reactants | |
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End-of Chapter Questions | |
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Energy and Chemical Reactions | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Energy and its Measurement | |
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Heat of Reaction | |
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Potential Energy Diagrams | |
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Spontaneous Reactions | |
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Additional Material | |
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Additional Calorimetry Problems | |
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Transfer of Energy and Equilibrium Temperature | |
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The Role of Energy in Chemical Reactions | |
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Additional Aspects of Heats of Reaction | |
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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The Phases of Matter | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Introduction | |
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Gases | |
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The Gas Laws | |
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The Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT) of Gas Behavior | |
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Liquids | |
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Solids | |
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Change of Phase | |
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Additional Material | |
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Measuring Gas Pressure in the Laboratory | |
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The Ideal (Universal) Gas Law | |
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The Density of an Ideal Gas at STP | |
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Gases and Chemical Reactions | |
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures | |
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Graham's Law of Effusion (Diffusion) | |
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Gases Collected over Water | |
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Additional Fusion and Vaporization Problems | |
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Phase Diagrams | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Nuclear Chemistry | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Nuclear Particles | |
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Nuclear Equations | |
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Natural Radioactivity and Radioactive Decay | |
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Half-Life | |
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Uses of Radioisotopes | |
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Induced Nuclear Reactions | |
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Additional Material | |
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The Uranium-238 Decay Series | |
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Isomeric Transition | |
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Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity | |
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Solving Radioactive Decay Problems | |
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Particle Accelerators | |
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Fission Reactors | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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The Electronic Structure of Atoms | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Introduction | |
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The Bohr Model of the Atom | |
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The Modern (Wave-Mechanical) Model | |
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Valence Electrons | |
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Lewis Structures (Electron-Dot Diagrams) | |
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Additional Material | |
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Atomic Orbitals and Sublevels | |
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Electron Configurations of Atoms | |
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Lewis Structures and Atomic Orbitals | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Chemical Periodicity | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Introduction | |
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The Periodic Table in History | |
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The Modern Periodic Table | |
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Properties Associated with Periodicity | |
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Variation of Periodic Properties Among the Elements | |
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The Chemistry of the Representative Groups | |
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The Chemistry of a Period | |
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Additional Material | |
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Sublevels and the Periodic Table | |
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Successive Ionization Energies | |
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Electron Affinity | |
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Additional Aspects of First Ionization Energy | |
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Variation of Successive Ionization Energies | |
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Synthetic Elements | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shape | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Bonding and Stability | |
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Ionic Bonding | |
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Covalent Bonding | |
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Electronegativity and Bonding | |
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Drawing the Lewis Structures of Covalent Molecules and Polyatomic Ions | |
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Network Solids | |
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Metallic Substances | |
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Dipoles and Polar Molecules | |
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Polarity and Molecular Symmetry | |
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Intermolecular Forces | |
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Bonded Substances: A Summary | |
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Additional Material | |
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Resonance Structures | |
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Additional Topics in Bonding | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Organic Chemistry | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Organic Chemistry Is ... ? | |
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Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds | |
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Hydrocarbons and Homologous Series | |
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Functional Groups | |
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Organic Reactions | |
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Additional Material | |
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Stereoisomerism | |
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The Benzene Series | |
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Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols | |
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Dihydroxy and Trihodroxy Alcohols | |
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Types of Polymerization | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Solutions and Their Properties | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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A Solution Is ... ? | |
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Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions | |
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Solubility | |
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Concentrations of Solutions | |
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Effect of the Solute on the Solvent | |
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Behavior of Electrolytes in Solution | |
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Additional Material | |
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Mole Fraction | |
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Molality | |
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Dilution of Stock Solutions | |
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Solutions and Chemical Equations | |
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Calculating the Freezing and Boiling Points of Solutions | |
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Suspensions and Colloidal Dispersions | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Kinetics and Equalibrium | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Chemical Kinetics | |
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Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Equilibrium | |
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Phase Equilibrium | |
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Solution Equilibrium | |
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Chemical Equilibrium | |
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Additional Material | |
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The Common-Ion Effect | |
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Heterogeneous Equilibrium | |
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The Equilibrium Constant (Keq) | |
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Problems Involving the Equilibrium Constant | |
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Applications of Chemical Equilibrium | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Acids and Bases | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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Operational Definitions of Acids and Bases | |
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Arrhenius Definitions of Acids and Bases | |
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Acid-Base Titration | |
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Br�nsted-Lowry Definitions of Acids and Bases | |
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The pH Scale of Acidity and Basicity | |
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Acid-Base Indicators | |
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Additional Material | |
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Amphiprotic (Amphoteric) Substances | |
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Acid-Base Equilibria | |
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Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs | |
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Neutralization (Revisited) | |
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Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs | |
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Ionization Constants of Acids and Bases (K<sub>a</sub> and K<sub>b</sub>) | |
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Ionization Constant of Water (K<sub>w</sub>) | |
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A More Detailed Look at pH and pOH | |
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Hydrolysis of Salts in Aqueous Solutions | |
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Acid-Base Properties of Oxides | |
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Lewis Definitions of Acids and Bases | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Reducation-oxidation(Redox) and Electrochemistry | |
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Basic (Regents-Level) Material | |
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NYS Regents Concepts and Skills | |
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What Are Oxidation and Reduction? | |
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Formal Definitions of Oxidation and Reduction | |
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Redox Equations | |
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Spontaneous Redox Reactions | |
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Electrochemical Cells | |
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Additional Material | |
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Balancing Redox Equations by the Half-ReactionMethod | |
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Balancing Redox Equations by the Ion-ElectronMethod | |
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Half-Cell Potentials and Cell Voltage | |
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The Standard Hydrogen Half-Cell | |
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Electrolysis of Water and Aqueous NaCl (Brine) | |
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Electroplating | |
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Additional Applications of Redox and Electrochemistry | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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The Chemistry Laboratory | |
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Introduction | |
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Safety Procedures | |
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Using Measuring Devices | |
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Basic Laboratory Skills | |
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Identification of Common Laboratory Apparatus | |
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Basic Laboratory Activities | |
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The Role of Color in Identifying Substances | |
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Guidelines for Laboratory Reports | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Glossary | |
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New York State Regents Reference Tables For Chemistry | |
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Additional Reference Tables For Chemistry | |
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Answers To End-Of-Chapter Questions | |
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Answering Constructed-Response Questions | |
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The New York State Examination In Chemistry | |
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June 2011 Regents Examination | |
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Answers To Regents Examination | |
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Index | |