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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measuring Trade Policy Restrictiveness: A Nontechnical Introduction | |
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| The Trade-Weighted Average Tariff | |
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| Alternative Weights: Current or Free Trade? Imports or Production? | |
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| Measures of Tariff Dispersion | |
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| The Welfare-Equivalent Uniform Tariff | |
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| The Import-Volume-Equivalent Uniform Tariff | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Geometry of the Trade-Weighted Average Tariff | |
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| Trade Policy Reform and the Tri | |
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| Tariff Reform in General Equilibrium | |
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| Household and Firm Behavior | |
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| The Trade Expenditure Function | |
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| Shadow Prices and the Marginal Cost of Tariffs | |
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| Welfare-Improving Tariff Changes: Radial Reductions and Concertina Reform | |
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| Welfare and Tariffs: A Diagrammatic Illustration | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Welfare-Improving Tariff Changes in a Large Open Economy | |
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| The Trade Restrictiveness Index | |
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| The True Cost-of-Living Index | |
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| The Balance-of-Trade Function | |
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| The Trade Restrictiveness Index | |
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| The TRI and the Trade-Weighted Average Tariff I | |
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| The TRI and the Trade-Weighted Average Tariff II | |
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| The TRI and the Cost of Protection | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Mercantilist Trade Restrictiveness Index | |
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| The MTRI | |
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| The MTRI and the TRI | |
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| The MTRI and the Trade-Weighted Average Tariff | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Properties of the Import Volume Functions | |
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| Trade Reform, Trade Restrictiveness, and Tariff Structure | |
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| Generalized Tariff Moments | |
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| Welfare and Trade Policy Reform | |
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| Welfare Effects of Tariff Reforms That Reduce Dispersion | |
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| Market Access and Changes in Tariff Moments | |
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| Tariff Changes and Market Access | |
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| Changes in the TRI and MTRI and Measures of Tariff Dispersion | |
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| Relating Generalized to Observable Moments | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Trade Reform with Tariffs and Quotas | |
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| The Distorted Trade Expenditure Function | |
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| Rent-Sharing and the Welfare Cost of Quotas | |
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| Trade Reform without Restrictions on the Trade Expenditure Function | |
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| Restricting the Trade Expenditure Function | |
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| Quota Reform | |
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| Tariff Reform in the Presence of Quotas | |
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| Alternative Rent-Sharing Rules | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Appendix | |
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| The TRI and MTRI with Quotas | |
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| The TRI with Tariffs and Quotas | |
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| Equi-restrictive Quotas Following Changes in Exogenous Variables | |
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| Quotas and the MTRI | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Neutral Growth and the Restrictiveness of Quotas | |
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| Partial Equilibrium Antecedents of the TRI and MTRI | |
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| Alternative Economic Environments | |
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| Trade Restrictiveness in a Large Country | |
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| External Scale Economies | |
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| Monopolistic Competition | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Details of the Two-Country Model | |
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| Multicountry Trade Policy | |
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| Aggregating Trade Restrictions in Modeling | |
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| Demand Estimation | |
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| Simulation Models | |
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| Inference of Trade Costs | |
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| Openness and Growth Regressions | |
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| Multilateral Resistance in the Generalized Gravity Model | |
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| Applications | |
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| A General Framework for Measuring Policy Restrictiveness | |
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| Other Policy Distortions | |
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| Import Subsidies and Export Distortions | |
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| The Trade Restrictiveness of Domestic Distortions | |
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| An Application: The Trade Restrictiveness of Mexican Agricultural Policy | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Effects of Factor-Market Distortions | |
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| Complex Trade Policies | |
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| Alternative Reference Points | |
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| Sector-Specific Income | |
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| Effective Protection in the United States: An Application | |
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| Other Sectoral Reference Points | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Quantity Aggregates | |
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| The Quantity Analogue of the TRI | |
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| The Quantity Analogue of the MTRI | |
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| Duality and Policy Distance Functions | |
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| Relation to the Coefficient of Resource Utilization | |
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| Application I: The Multi-Fibre Arrangement | |
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| Application II: The Trade Restrictiveness of US Dairy Quotas | |
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| Measuring Trade Restrictiveness in a Simple CGE Model | |
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| The Model | |
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| Data and Data Compromises | |
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| Measures of Trade Restrictiveness | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The CES-CET Model | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |